Nokea
Which of the following is a typical sign of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA)?
- A. Excessive urination
- B. Ketone bodies in the urine
- C. High blood pressure
- D. Slow heart rate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Diabetic ketoacidosis often results in the presence of ketone bodies in the urine, along with hyperglycemia.
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A 70-year-old man has bothersome lower urinary tract syndrome (LUTS) associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). His symptoms are no longer well managed with lifestyle modifications. He is interested in medication to reduce his urinary symptoms but is concerned about possible side effects. He notes that he is recently married and sexual activity is very important to him. Which of the following medications would be most appropriate for this patient?
- A. Alfuzosin
- B. Ditropan
- C. Dutasteride
- D. Tamsulosin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tamsulosin is an alpha-1 blocker that helps alleviate urinary symptoms without significantly impacting sexual function.
Examination of the hair reveals a fine silky appearance. This finding may be seen in patients that have:
- A. Hypothyroidism
- B. Hyperthyroidism
- C. Type 2 diabetes
- D. Celiac disease
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hyperthyroidism can lead to fine, silky hair due to the effects of thyroid hormones.
Lenore White is an 80-year-old woman who smokes two packs of cigarettes per day. What two ethical principles are in conflict?
- A. Beneficence and community
- B. Nonmaleficence and justice
- C. Autonomy and justice
- D. Autonomy and nonmaleficence
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The nurse faces a dilemma between respecting autonomy (the patient’s choice to smoke) and preventing harm (nonmaleficence).
A 72-year-old man with colonic diverticulosis was admitted to the hospital with gastrointestinal bleeding and abdominal pain. The following day, the patient was positive on the Confusion Assessment Method (CAM) performed by geriatric consultation services. Which of the following is NOT predisposed by delirium in this patient?
- A. Higher risk of institutionalization
- B. Increased risk of dementia
- C. Shorter length of stay in the hospital
- D. Increased mortality
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Delirium is associated with increased mortality and risk of dementia, but it generally leads to longer hospital stays.
Papilledema is a cause for concern because it is suggestive of:
- A. Optic atrophy
- B. Microaneurysms
- C. Increased intracranial pressure
- D. Retinal hemorrhage
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Papilledema is caused by increased intracranial pressure, leading to swelling of the optic disc.