Nokea
Which of the following is an efferent neuron responsible for releasing a neurotransmitter that stimulates a muscle?
- A. Neuron
- B. Motor neuron
- C. Nephrons
- D. Neurotransmitter
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, 'Motor neuron.' Motor neurons are efferent neurons that carry signals from the central nervous system to muscles or glands. These neurons release neurotransmitters, such as acetylcholine, at the neuromuscular junction to stimulate muscle contraction. Choice A, 'Neuron,' is a broad term for a nerve cell and does not specifically describe the function mentioned. Choice C, 'Nephrons,' are structural components of the kidney and are not related to muscle stimulation. Choice D, 'Neurotransmitter,' refers to the chemical messenger released by neurons to communicate with other cells and is not the specific neuron type responsible for muscle stimulation.
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An individual suffers blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity. Which of the following organs is at greatest risk from this injury?
- A. Heart and lungs
- B. Liver and stomach
- C. Brain and spinal cord
- D. Large and small intestines
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity poses the greatest risk to the heart and lungs. These organs are located within the chest cavity and are highly susceptible to damage from the impact of the trauma. Injuries to the heart and lungs can be severe, leading to life-threatening complications if not promptly addressed. Therefore, in cases of blunt trauma to the thoracic cavity, immediate medical evaluation is essential to identify and manage potential injuries to these critical organs.
Use this information to answer the question A Mass (5.0g) Time of fall ( 2.0 sec). B mass( 5.0g) Time of fall (1.0sec) C mass (30.0g) Time of fall (0.5sec) D mass ( 35.0g ) Time of fall (1.5sec)
Which of the following is supported by the following data?
- A. Objects A and B will fall at the same rate.
- B. Air resistance is greater for A than for B.
- C. The time of fall is independent of the mass of the object.
- D. The greater the mass of an object, the faster it will fall.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. The data provided shows different objects with varying masses falling for different durations. The observation that the time of fall varies with mass indicates that the time of fall is independent of the mass of the object, as seen from the given data. This supports the concept that in a vacuum or other situations where air resistance is negligible, objects of different masses will fall at the same rate, following the principle of gravitational acceleration acting equally on all objects regardless of their mass.
Which of the following physiological responses is caused by the release of anti-diuretic hormone?
- A. Decrease in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
- B. Decrease in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
- C. Increase in the concentration of calcium in the glomerulus
- D. Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Increase in water reabsorption in the collecting duct. Anti-diuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin, acts on the kidneys to increase water reabsorption in the collecting ducts, leading to the concentration of urine and conservation of water in the body. This hormone helps regulate water balance by decreasing urine output and increasing blood volume and pressure when needed.
In a hypertonic solution, water flows through aquaporins embedded in the plasma membrane of the cell. This type of transport is best known as which of the following?
- A. active transport
- B. diffusion
- C. osmosis
- D. facilitated diffusion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: In a hypertonic solution, water moves out of the cell through aquaporins due to the higher solute concentration outside the cell. This process is known as osmosis, which involves the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from an area of low solute concentration to an area of high solute concentration. Osmosis is a passive process, meaning it does not require energy input. Active transport, on the other hand, requires energy to move substances across a membrane. Diffusion is the movement of molecules from an area of high concentration to low concentration without the involvement of aquaporins. Facilitated diffusion, while also passive, requires specific carrier proteins for transport but does not involve the movement of water as seen in osmosis.
Which of the following are the major parts of the nervous system?
- A. PNS and Somatic Nervous System
- B. Autonomic Nervous System and CNS
- C. PNS and CNS
- D. Autonomic Nervous System and Somatic Nervous System
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The nervous system comprises two major parts: the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and the central nervous system (CNS). The PNS includes nerves outside the brain and spinal cord, while the CNS consists of the brain and spinal cord. Choice C (PNS and CNS) correctly identifies the primary divisions of the nervous system, encompassing both the peripheral and central components. Therefore, the correct answer is C.