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Which of the following is an epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic?
- A. Conducting assessments of suspected cases to detect communicable diseases
- B. Monitoring the condition of cases affected by the communicable disease
- C. Participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic
- D. Educating the community on preventive measures against the disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because participating in the investigation to determine the source of the epidemic is a key epidemiologic function of the nurse during an epidemic. This involves identifying the origin of the outbreak to implement targeted control measures and prevent further spread.
A is incorrect because while conducting assessments is important, it is not a specific epidemiologic function related to determining the source of an epidemic. B is incorrect as monitoring cases focuses on individual care rather than epidemiologic investigation. D is incorrect as educating the community, while important, is not directly related to determining the source of the epidemic.
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According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of public health nursing is based on which of the following?
- A. Health and longevity as birthrights
- B. The mandate of the state to protect the birthrights of its citizens
- C. Public health nursing as a specialized field of nursing
- D. The worth and dignity of man
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the philosophy of public health nursing is rooted in the belief in the worth and dignity of every individual. This foundational principle guides public health nurses to provide care and support to all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances. Choice A is incorrect because health and longevity are not considered birthrights but rather outcomes influenced by various factors. Choice B is incorrect as public health nursing focuses on individuals' well-being, not just state mandates. Choice C is incorrect as public health nursing is a holistic approach encompassing various aspects of nursing, not just a specialized field.
CHN is a community-based practice. What best explains this statement?
- A. The service is provided in the natural environment of people
- B. The nurse conducts community diagnosis to determine nursing needs and problems
- C. The services are based on the available resources within the community
- D. Priority setting is based on the magnitude of the health problems identified
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in community-based nursing, conducting a community diagnosis is crucial to identify the specific nursing needs and problems of the community. This helps in planning and implementing appropriate interventions. Choice A is incorrect as providing services in the natural environment is a characteristic of community health nursing, not community-based practice specifically. Choice C is incorrect because community-based practice focuses on utilizing resources beyond just those available within the community. Choice D is incorrect as priority setting is based on the identified needs, not just the magnitude of health problems.
What level of facility is Region IV Hospital classified as?
- A. Primary
- B. Secondary
- C. Intermediate
- D. Tertiary
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Tertiary. Region IV Hospital is classified as a tertiary facility because it provides specialized and advanced medical services such as organ transplants, neurosurgery, and complex cancer treatments. Tertiary hospitals are equipped with specialized medical staff and advanced technology to handle complex cases and provide specialized care.
A: Primary facilities offer basic healthcare services without specialized care.
B: Secondary facilities provide more specialized services than primary care but not as advanced as tertiary care.
C: Intermediate is not a common classification for healthcare facilities and does not accurately describe Region IV Hospital.
Which of the following is a function of epidemiology?
- A. Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client
- B. Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old
- C. Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia
- D. Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Evaluating the effectiveness of the implementation of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. Epidemiology is the study of patterns, causes, and effects of health and disease conditions in populations. Evaluating the effectiveness of implementing protocols like the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness falls under the domain of epidemiology as it involves monitoring and assessing the impact of healthcare interventions on public health outcomes.
A: Identifying disease conditions based on manifestations presented by a client is more aligned with clinical diagnosis rather than epidemiology.
B: Determining factors that contributed to the occurrence of pneumonia in a 3-year-old is more related to etiology and risk factors, which are part of epidemiological studies but not the primary function.
C: Determining the efficacy of the antibiotic used in the treatment of the 3-year-old client with pneumonia is more focused on clinical pharmacology and treatment outcomes rather than the broader population-based approach of epidemiology.
Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?
- A. Pre-pathogenesis
- B. Pathogenesis
- C. Predromal
- D. Terminal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tertiary prevention occurs during the Terminal stage of the natural history of disease. This stage involves managing the disease to prevent complications and improve the quality of life. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation, palliative care, and support to prevent further deterioration. In contrast, Pre-pathogenesis is before the disease develops, Pathogenesis is the development and progression of the disease, and Predromal is the early signs and symptoms before the disease fully manifests. These stages are not where tertiary prevention interventions are typically implemented.