Which of the following is an example of a flat bone?
- A. Femur
- B. Scapula
- C. Humerus
- D. Tibia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, the Scapula. Flat bones, such as the scapula, are thin, flattened bones that provide protection to internal organs and serve as attachment points for muscles. The other choices, femur, humerus, and tibia, are examples of long bones, which are characterized by their elongated structure and are primarily involved in supporting weight and facilitating movement.
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Which of the following lobes of the brain is primarily responsible for vision?
- A. Frontal
- B. Occipital
- C. Parietal
- D. Temporal
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The occipital lobe is primarily responsible for processing visual information. It contains the primary visual cortex, which plays a key role in interpreting visual stimuli. The frontal lobe is more associated with functions such as decision-making and problem-solving, making choice A incorrect. The parietal lobe is involved in processing sensory information but not specifically vision, making choice C incorrect. The temporal lobe is responsible for functions like memory and auditory processing, so choice D is also incorrect.
Which neuromuscular system controls voluntary movement?
- A. Autonomic
- B. Somatic
- C. Sympathetic
- D. Parasympathetic
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Somatic. The somatic nervous system controls voluntary movements of skeletal muscles. It is responsible for carrying sensory and motor information to and from the central nervous system. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect. The autonomic nervous system (choice A) controls involuntary functions such as heart rate and digestion. The sympathetic (choice C) and parasympathetic (choice D) nervous systems are subdivisions of the autonomic nervous system and are responsible for the body's fight-or-flight response and rest-and-digest functions, respectively.
Which part of the neuron receives signals from other neurons?
- A. Axon
- B. Dendrite
- C. Synapse
- D. Myelin sheath
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Dendrite. Dendrites are the part of the neuron that receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. Axons transmit signals away from the cell body, synapse is the junction between neurons where neurotransmitters are released, and myelin sheath is a fatty layer that insulates and speeds up signal conduction along the axon. Therefore, choices A, C, and D are incorrect in the context of receiving signals from other neurons.
What is the primary function of the liver in the digestive system?
- A. To absorb water
- B. To produce bile
- C. To store glucose
- D. To regulate metabolism
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The liver's main function in the digestive system is to produce bile. Bile helps in the digestion and absorption of fats by emulsifying them, breaking down large fat globules into smaller droplets that can be acted upon by digestive enzymes. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because the liver's primary role in the digestive system is not to absorb water, store glucose, or regulate metabolism. While the liver does have roles in metabolism and glucose regulation, its key function in digestion is bile production.
What is the main function of white blood cells?
- A. Transport oxygen
- B. Fight infection
- C. Produce antibodies
- D. Regulate body temperature
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main function of white blood cells is to fight infection, making choice B the correct answer. White blood cells are a crucial component of the immune system, working to defend the body against pathogens and foreign invaders. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because white blood cells do not primarily transport oxygen, produce antibodies, or regulate body temperature. While some blood cells are involved in these functions, the primary role of white blood cells is to combat infections and maintain the body's immune response.