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Which of the following is an example of a live attenuated vaccine?
- A. Hepatitis B vaccine
- B. Inactivated polio vaccine
- C. Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine
- D. Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Measles, Mumps, Rubella (MMR) vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines contain weakened forms of the virus. MMR vaccine is made from weakened live viruses of measles, mumps, and rubella. When administered, the body develops an immune response without causing the disease. Choice A, Hepatitis B vaccine, is a subunit vaccine. Choice B, Inactivated polio vaccine, is a killed virus vaccine. Choice D, Diphtheria, Tetanus, Pertussis (DPT) vaccine, is a toxoid vaccine. Live attenuated vaccines provide stronger and longer-lasting immunity as they mimic natural infection without causing illness.
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Which of the following is a characteristic of Primary Health Care?
- A. Focuses on specialized care
- B. Emphasizes community participation
- C. Relies solely on hospital-based services
- D. Ignores preventive measures
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Emphasizes community participation. Primary Health Care is a holistic approach that focuses on involving the community in decision-making and care delivery. This empowers individuals and communities to take charge of their health. Choice A is incorrect as Primary Health Care prioritizes comprehensive and generalist care over specialized care. Choice C is incorrect as Primary Health Care aims to provide care at the grassroots level, not solely relying on hospital-based services. Choice D is incorrect as Primary Health Care places a strong emphasis on preventive measures to promote overall health and well-being.
Which of the following is a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative?
- A. Promoting exclusive breastfeeding
- B. Providing routine immunizations
- C. Ensuring skilled attendance at birth
- D. Offering genetic counseling
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Ensuring skilled attendance at birth. This is a key component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative as it focuses on providing trained healthcare professionals during childbirth to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality rates. This ensures that complications during labor can be promptly identified and managed, improving outcomes for both mother and baby.
A: Promoting exclusive breastfeeding is important for infant health but is not specifically a component of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.
B: Providing routine immunizations is crucial for child health but not directly related to maternal care during childbirth.
D: Offering genetic counseling is valuable for families at risk of genetic disorders but is not a primary focus of the Safe Motherhood Initiative.
Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
- A. Infants below 6 months
- B. Children aged 1-4 years
- C. Adolescents
- D. Elderly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children aged 1-4 years. This age group is most vulnerable to PEM due to their rapid growth and development, high energy requirements, and dependency on caregivers for nutrition. Infants below 6 months are typically protected by breast milk, adolescents have lower risk due to fewer growth demands, and elderly are more at risk for other types of malnutrition. Therefore, children aged 1-4 years are the most vulnerable to PEM.
What is the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI)?
- A. To provide emergency medical services
- B. To ensure all children receive routine immunizations
- C. To offer specialized treatments for rare diseases
- D. To manage chronic health conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the purpose of the Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) is to ensure all children receive routine immunizations to prevent various communicable diseases. EPI focuses on providing vaccines to children at specific ages to build immunity and protect them from serious illnesses. It does not provide emergency medical services (A), offer specialized treatments for rare diseases (C), or manage chronic health conditions (D). By prioritizing routine immunizations, EPI aims to reduce the burden of vaccine-preventable diseases and improve overall public health.
What is the appropriate action to take if a child is found to have a fever on the day of immunization?
- A. Administer the vaccine as scheduled
- B. Delay the immunization until the fever subsides
- C. Give a lower dose of the vaccine
- D. Administer an antipyretic before the vaccine
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct action is to delay the immunization until the fever subsides. This is because administering a vaccine during a fever may affect the body's immune response and efficacy of the vaccine. Giving a lower dose (choice C) may not provide adequate protection. Administering an antipyretic (choice D) may temporarily reduce fever but does not address the underlying illness causing the fever. Administering the vaccine as scheduled (choice A) can be harmful and is not recommended when the child has a fever.