Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a non-communicable disease?
- A. Tuberculosis
- B. Malaria
- C. Cancer
- D. Heart disease
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Cancer. Non-communicable diseases are not transmitted from person to person and are often chronic in nature. Cancer is a non-communicable disease characterized by abnormal cell growth. Tuberculosis (A) and Malaria (B) are infectious diseases caused by bacteria and parasites, respectively, and can be transmitted between individuals. Heart disease (D) can have both genetic and lifestyle factors, but it is not communicable. In summary, cancer fits the criteria of being non-communicable, while the other choices involve transmission between individuals.
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What is a health deficit?
- A. Conditions that promote disease or injury and prevent people from realizing their health potential
- B. A health problem that can be alleviated with medical or social technology
- C. A gap between actual and achievable health status
- D. Illness of a family member
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C, a health deficit is defined as a gap between an individual's actual health status and their achievable health status. This means that there is a discrepancy between where their health currently stands and where it could potentially be with proper interventions or changes.
A is incorrect because it refers to conditions that promote disease or injury, not specifically related to the individual's health status. B is incorrect as it focuses on health problems that can be alleviated, which may not necessarily reflect a health deficit. D is incorrect as it involves the illness of a family member, which is not directly related to the individual's own health status.
Which of the following is a characteristic of a healthy work environment?
- A. High turnover rate and lack of communication
- B. Lack of teamwork and frequent conflicts
- C. Open communication and collaboration
- D. Micromanagement and strict hierarchy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Open communication and collaboration. In a healthy work environment, open communication fosters transparency, trust, and mutual understanding among team members. Collaboration encourages teamwork, creativity, and problem-solving. This leads to higher productivity, job satisfaction, and overall well-being.
Incorrect choices:
A: High turnover rate and lack of communication - High turnover and lack of communication indicate poor morale and ineffective leadership, which are detrimental to a healthy work environment.
B: Lack of teamwork and frequent conflicts - Lack of teamwork and conflicts hinder productivity and create a toxic atmosphere, contrary to a healthy work environment.
D: Micromanagement and strict hierarchy - Micromanagement and strict hierarchy stifle employee autonomy, creativity, and growth, leading to low morale and disengagement.
What is the primary goal of public health?
- A. To achieve health equity
- B. To prevent disease and disability
- C. To prolong life
- D. To promote health
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The primary goal of public health is to prevent disease and disability. This is because by preventing diseases and disabilities, public health efforts aim to improve overall population health and well-being. This includes implementing interventions such as vaccinations, health education, and policy changes to reduce the burden of preventable illnesses. Achieving health equity, prolonging life, and promoting health are important aspects of public health but they are secondary to the core goal of preventing disease and disability.
After 3 days, the nurse notes that James has chest indrawing and stridor. His mother returned him to the health center immediately. The nurse should:
- A. Change the medication to the second-line antibiotics
- B. Advise the mother to observe the child and continue giving the antibiotics
- C. Give the first dose of antibiotics and refer urgently
- D. Observe the child at the center
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because chest indrawing and stridor indicate respiratory distress, which can be life-threatening. Giving the first dose of antibiotics and referring urgently ensures prompt assessment and appropriate management by a higher-level healthcare provider. Changing medication without proper assessment (choice A) can delay necessary treatment. Advising to continue antibiotics (choice B) overlooks the urgency of the situation. Observing the child at the center (choice D) is not sufficient for managing respiratory distress.
Care provided by specialists in health facilities such as medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals falls under which level of care?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Specialists in health facilities like medical centers, regional, and provincial hospitals provide specialized and complex care, which is characteristic of tertiary care. This level of care involves advanced medical procedures, specialized equipment, and highly trained healthcare professionals. Primary care (choice C) focuses on preventive and basic healthcare services, while secondary care (choice A) provides more specialized services compared to primary care but is not as advanced as tertiary care. Intermediate care (choice D) typically refers to care that falls between secondary and tertiary levels but lacks the complexity and specialization of tertiary care.