Nokea
Which of the following is an example of a preventive measure in public health?
- A. Chemotherapy
- B. Vaccination
- C. Radiation therapy
- D. Surgical intervention
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Vaccination. Preventive measures aim to prevent diseases before they occur. Vaccination helps the immune system recognize and fight specific pathogens, reducing the risk of infection and disease transmission. Chemotherapy (A) is a treatment for cancer, not prevention. Radiation therapy (C) and surgical intervention (D) are also treatments rather than preventive measures. Vaccination stands out as the only option that directly addresses disease prevention, making it the correct choice.
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Which of the following is an essential component of a comprehensive antenatal care program?
- A. Weight monitoring
- B. Blood pressure measurement
- C. Nutritional counseling
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Step 1: Weight monitoring is crucial to assess maternal health and fetal growth.
Step 2: Blood pressure measurement helps detect and manage hypertension in pregnancy.
Step 3: Nutritional counseling ensures proper intake of nutrients for maternal and fetal well-being.
Step 4: All components (A, B, C) are essential for a comprehensive antenatal care program to address different aspects of maternal and fetal health. Thus, D is the correct answer. Weight monitoring, blood pressure measurement, and nutritional counseling are all vital components of antenatal care to ensure the well-being of both the mother and the baby.
Which nutrient is most critical for preventing neural tube defects during pregnancy?
- A. Iron
- B. Calcium
- C. Folic acid
- D. Vitamin D
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Folic acid. Folic acid is critical for preventing neural tube defects as it is essential for proper development of the neural tube in the fetus. It helps in the formation of the baby's brain and spinal cord. Iron (A) is important for preventing anemia, not neural tube defects. Calcium (B) is crucial for bone health but not directly related to neural tube development. Vitamin D (D) is important for calcium absorption, but not specifically for preventing neural tube defects. Overall, folic acid stands out as the most critical nutrient for this purpose.
Which of the following is an essential nutrient required for preventing neural tube defects?
- A. Iron
- B. Vitamin C
- C. Calcium
- D. Folic acid
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Folic acid. Folic acid is essential for preventing neural tube defects because it plays a crucial role in DNA synthesis and cell division, particularly during early fetal development. Adequate folic acid intake before and during pregnancy can significantly reduce the risk of neural tube defects. Iron (A), Vitamin C (B), and Calcium (C) are important nutrients for overall health but do not have a direct role in preventing neural tube defects. Iron is vital for red blood cell production, Vitamin C is an antioxidant that supports the immune system, and Calcium is essential for bone health. However, for preventing neural tube defects specifically, folic acid is the essential nutrient.
Which of the following interventions is an example of tertiary prevention?
- A. Vaccination campaigns
- B. Health education seminars
- C. Physical rehabilitation programs
- D. Early disease screening
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention focuses on managing and improving quality of life for individuals with existing health conditions. Physical rehabilitation programs fall under this category as they help individuals recover and regain functioning after an illness or injury. This intervention aims to prevent further complications and disabilities. Vaccination campaigns (A) and health education seminars (B) are examples of primary and secondary prevention, focusing on preventing diseases before they occur or detecting them early. Early disease screening (D) is also a form of secondary prevention, aiming to detect diseases in their early stages before symptoms appear.
Which age group is most vulnerable to protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)?
- A. Infants below 6 months
- B. Children aged 1-4 years
- C. Adolescents
- D. Elderly
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Children aged 1-4 years. This age group is most vulnerable to PEM due to their rapid growth and development, high energy requirements, and dependency on caregivers for nutrition. Infants below 6 months are typically protected by breast milk, adolescents have lower risk due to fewer growth demands, and elderly are more at risk for other types of malnutrition. Therefore, children aged 1-4 years are the most vulnerable to PEM.