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Which of the following is an example of a secondary prevention activity?

  • A. Blood pressure screening
  • B. Administering medications
  • C. Developing a care plan
  • D. Providing rehabilitation
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Secondary prevention aims to detect and treat diseases early to prevent complications.
2. Blood pressure screening helps identify individuals at risk for hypertension-related issues.
3. Early detection through screening allows for timely interventions to prevent further health problems.
4. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are tertiary prevention activities focused on managing existing conditions rather than early detection.

Summary:
Blood pressure screening is the correct example of a secondary prevention activity as it focuses on early detection and intervention to prevent the progression of health issues. Administering medications, developing a care plan, and providing rehabilitation are not considered secondary prevention activities as they are more related to managing existing conditions.

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The problem of overrating staff performance is called ___________ .

  • A. Recency error
  • B. Absolute judgment
  • C. Halo error
  • D. Leniency error
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Leniency error. This occurs when a rater consistently rates employees higher than deserved. This leads to inflated performance evaluations, hindering accurate assessment and feedback. Recency error (A) is when recent performance influences ratings. Absolute judgment (B) is when a rater uses the same rating scale for all employees. Halo error (C) is when one positive trait influences overall rating. In this case, leniency error best describes the problem of overrating staff performance.

What is the main focus of a risk management program in healthcare?

  • A. To reduce hospital readmissions
  • B. To manage financial resources
  • C. To ensure compliance with healthcare regulations
  • D. To improve clinical outcomes
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The main focus of a risk management program in healthcare is to improve clinical outcomes. This involves identifying, assessing, and mitigating risks that may impact patient safety and care quality. By focusing on clinical outcomes, healthcare organizations can enhance patient satisfaction, reduce medical errors, and optimize treatment effectiveness. Hospital readmissions, financial management, and regulatory compliance are important aspects of healthcare management but are not the primary focus of a risk management program, which is centered on patient care and safety.

After correcting the IVF infusion rate, what should be the next step in the client's care?

  • A. Notify family
  • B. Discipline the previous nurse
  • C. Complete an incident report
  • D. Obtain legal consultation
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Complete an incident report. This is the next step to document the error and ensure proper follow-up. It helps in analyzing the root cause, implementing preventive measures, and ensures transparency in patient care. Notifying the family (A) can wait until the situation is under control. Disciplining the previous nurse (B) should not be the immediate focus and may come after a thorough investigation. Obtaining legal consultation (D) is premature and should only be considered if the incident escalates to a legal issue.

What is the primary goal of a clinical nurse leader (CNL)?

  • A. To manage the nursing staff
  • B. To coordinate patient care
  • C. To improve patient outcomes
  • D. To implement evidence-based practices
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The primary goal of a clinical nurse leader (CNL) is to improve patient outcomes. CNLs focus on enhancing the quality of care provided to patients by coordinating and overseeing healthcare processes. They work to ensure that patients receive the best possible care and achieve positive health outcomes. Managing nursing staff (A) is not the primary goal of a CNL, as their role is more patient-centered. While coordinating patient care (B) is an important aspect of a CNL's responsibilities, the ultimate goal is to improve patient outcomes. Implementing evidence-based practices (D) is essential for achieving better patient outcomes, but it is not the primary goal of a CNL, as their main focus is on the overall improvement of patient health and well-being.

According to Maslow's theory, which level of needs must be met first?

  • A. Self-actualization needs
  • B. Esteem needs
  • C. Safety needs
  • D. Physiological needs
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: The correct answer is D: Physiological needs. According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, physiological needs such as food, water, shelter, and sleep must be met first as they are the most basic and essential for survival. Without satisfying physiological needs, an individual cannot move on to fulfilling higher-level needs. Esteem needs, self-actualization needs, and safety needs come after physiological needs are met. It is crucial to prioritize physiological needs before addressing other levels of needs to ensure overall well-being and self-actualization.

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