Nokea
Which of the following is an example of tertiary prevention?
- A. Vaccination
- B. Screening for cancer
- C. Physical therapy
- D. Health education
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Tertiary prevention aims at reducing the impact of an already established disease. Physical therapy falls under tertiary prevention as it helps improve function and quality of life in individuals with existing health conditions. Vaccination (A) is an example of primary prevention, screening for cancer (B) is secondary prevention, and health education (D) can be part of primary or secondary prevention but not specific to tertiary prevention.
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Which level of care serves as a referral center for primary health facilities?
- A. Secondary level of care
- B. Tertiary level of care
- C. Primary level of care
- D. Intermediate level of care
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Tertiary level of care. Tertiary care serves as a referral center for primary health facilities due to its specialized services and expertise in complex medical conditions. It offers advanced diagnostic and treatment options beyond what primary and secondary levels can provide. Primary care (C) focuses on preventive and basic health services. Secondary care (A) offers specialized services like outpatient care and diagnostic procedures. Intermediate care (D) is not a standard level in the healthcare system and does not fit the description of a referral center for primary health facilities.
Community organizing is an important part of the community nursing function. Given the following elements - choosing an organizational structure, identifying and recruiting members, defining mission, vision, and goals, clarifying roles and responsibilities - at which stage do these elements belong?
- A. Program maintenance-consolidation
- B. Dissemination-Reassessment
- C. Community Analysis/diagnosis
- D. Design and initiation
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The elements mentioned are key components of designing and initiating a community organizing effort. Choosing structure, recruiting members, defining mission, vision, and goals, and clarifying roles are essential in the initial stages of organizing a community. This stage sets the foundation for the entire process. Program maintenance-consolidation (A) occurs after the program has been established. Dissemination-Reassessment (B) involves spreading information and evaluating outcomes. Community Analysis/diagnosis (C) is the initial assessment of community needs, which precedes the design and initiation phase. Thus, the correct answer is D as it aligns with the early stages of community organizing.
In which declaration was the concept of Primary Health Care discussed?
- A. Alma Ata Declaration
- B. Declaration of Helsinki
- C. Declaration of Human Rights
- D. Declaration of Ottawa
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Alma Ata Declaration. This declaration, adopted in 1978, specifically focused on the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC). It emphasized the importance of addressing basic healthcare needs, promoting community participation, and integrating healthcare services. The Declaration of Helsinki (B) pertains to medical research ethics, not primary health care. The Declaration of Human Rights (C) addresses fundamental human rights, not healthcare. The Declaration of Ottawa (D) is related to health promotion, not primary health care.
Which term involves the voluntary fortification of processed foods?
- A. Garantisadong Pambata
- B. Food Fortification
- C. Sangkap Pinoy Seal
- D. Child Health Week
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Sangkap Pinoy Seal is a voluntary fortification program in the Philippines.
Step 2: It encourages food manufacturers to fortify processed foods with essential micronutrients.
Step 3: Garantisadong Pambata focuses on ensuring the quality of essential medicines for children.
Step 4: Food Fortification is a general term for fortifying food products but not specific to voluntary fortification.
Step 5: Child Health Week is an event to raise awareness about child health but not related to fortifying processed foods.
Summary: Sangkap Pinoy Seal is the correct answer as it specifically involves voluntary fortification of processed foods, while the other choices are unrelated or not specifically about voluntary fortification.
Which term describes the absence of regular health check-ups?
- A. Health deficit
- B. Health threats
- C. Health problem
- D. Foreseeable crisis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A, "Health deficit." Health deficit refers to the lack of regular health check-ups, indicating a shortfall in maintaining one's health. Choice B, "Health threats," suggests potential dangers to health, not the absence of check-ups. Choice C, "Health problem," implies an existing health issue, not the lack of check-ups. Choice D, "Foreseeable crisis," indicates a future emergency, not the current absence of regular health check-ups. Therefore, A is the correct term to describe the absence of regular health check-ups.