Nokea
Which of the following is FALSE about brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)?
- A. Plasma levels of BNP often correspond to the severity of underlying cardiac dysfunction and can provide relatively reliable prognostic information
- B. It is secreted in response by the atria and ventricles in response to stretching for increased wall tension
- C. Obesity, diuretics, ACE inhibitors, beta blockers, angiotensin receptor antagonists, and aldosterone antagonists can lead to falsely high levels of BNP
- D. Common conditions that may falsely elevate plasma BNP levels include age and significant renal dysfunction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: BNP reflects cardiac dysfunction severity and wall tension response true. Age and renal dysfunction elevate BNP falsely true. However, obesity, diuretics, ACEi, beta blockers, ARBs, and MRAs lower BNP (obesity reduces secretion, drugs reduce tension), not raise it making this false. High BNP (>1,000 pg/mL) signals poor prognosis. This corrects BNP interpretation in chronic HF.
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The spinothalamic and dorsal column sensation are examined as part of a neurological examination. One of the items belonging to dorsal column sensation is the sense of vibration, which is examined by means of a tuning fork. Question: What is the required frequency of this tuning fork?
- A. 512 Hz
- B. 256 Hz
- C. 128 Hz
- D. 64 Hz
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Vibration check 128 Hz hums right, dorsal column's sweet spot, not higher or lower. Nurses tune this, a chronic nerve test.
A 60-year-old patient with a diagnosis of prostate cancer is scheduled to have an interstitial implant for high-dose radiation (HDR). What safety measure should the nurse include in this patient's subsequent plan of care?
- A. Limit the time that visitors spend at the patient's bedside
- B. Teach the patient to perform all aspects of basic care independently
- C. Assign male nurses to the patient's care whenever possible
- D. Situate the patient in a shared room with other patients receiving brachytherapy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HDR implants (brachytherapy) emit radiation limiting visitor time (e.g., 30 min) cuts exposure risk. Self-care's nice but not safety-driven. Gender's irrelevant pregnant staff avoid, not males. Shared rooms up exposure, not safety. Nurses in oncology enforce this, shielding others while the source's active, a radiation rule of thumb.
Which of the following clients would not be a candidate for thrombolytic therapy?
- A. Client with a pulse of 102 beats/minute
- B. Client with a blood pressure of 100/60 mm Hg
- C. Client with a history of hemorrhagic stroke one month ago
- D. Client age 65 years
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Thrombolytics bust clots but bleed big hemorrhagic stroke history, even a month back, bans them, as re-bleed risk soars, a firm no-go. Tachycardia, low BP, or age 65 don't nix it BP's workable, age isn't a cutoff. Nurses screen this, dodging brain bleeds, a safety lock in this clot-dissolving call.
Which statement with respect to the disadvantages of insufficient physical activity is most correct?
- A. People are not so much concerned with the disadvantages, because these will only affect them in the long run
- B. The disadvantages can be compensated by moderate eating
- C. When explained, the disadvantages are enough to motivate people to change their behaviour
- D. The disadvantages result from inadequate behavioural control (self-efficacy)
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Inactivity's downsides long-term creep, folks shrug, not diet-fixed, rarely spur change, or just control flops. Nurses see this apathy, a chronic slow burn.
A hospitalized client has a platelet count of 58,000/mm³. What action by the nurse is best?
- A. Implement fall precautions
- B. Encourage high-protein foods
- C. Limit visitors to healthy adults
- D. Institute neutropenic precautions
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A platelet count of 58,000/mm³ below 150,000 signals thrombocytopenia, raising bleeding risk, especially from falls. Implementing fall precautions curbs trauma, preventing bleeds like intracranial hemorrhage, a practical priority over dietary tweaks. High-protein foods aid healing but don't address immediate danger. Limiting visitors or neutropenic precautions fits low WBCs, not platelets 58,000 isn't neutropenic (below 1,000 neutrophils). Nurses prioritize safety, making fall precautions the best action, directly mitigating this lab's implications in a hospitalized client prone to injury.