Nokea
How do you decrease the severity and duration of pertussis infection?
- A. you don't
- B. erythromycin
- C. benzyl penicillin
- D. ampicillin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Pertussis antibiotics clip spread, not whooping's course; erythro, pen, cipro miss. Nurses know this chronic cough rides out.
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Renal failure is the second cause of death in patients with diabetes mellitus. Question: What is the end (histological) stage in the development of diabetic nephropathy?
- A. Arteriolar hyalinosis
- B. GBM thickening
- C. Kimmerstiel Wilson lesions
- D. Mesangial matrix expansion
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Diabetic nephropathy's end Kimmerstiel Wilson nodules scar kidneys, past thickening or expansion. Nurses dread this, a chronic renal doom mark.
The nurse is orienting a new nurse to the oncology unit. When reviewing the safe administration of antineoplastic agents, what action should the nurse emphasize?
- A. Adjust the dose to the patient's present symptoms
- B. Wash hands with an alcohol-based cleanser following administration
- C. Use gloves and a lab coat when preparing the medication
- D. Dispose of the antineoplastic wastes in the hazardous waste receptacle
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Antineoplastics are hazardous proper disposal in designated receptacles is critical to protect staff, patients, and the environment from toxic exposure. Gloves and gowns are standard for prep, but the question stresses one action, and disposal trumps as a universal safety net. Dosing's fixed by protocol, not symptoms tweaking's dangerous. Alcohol-based cleansers don't cut it post-exposure; soap and water are needed pre- and post-handling to remove residue. Emphasizing disposal aligns with OSHA and oncology nursing standards, ensuring chemo waste (e.g., IV bags, syringes) doesn't leak into regular trash, a key lesson for newbies in this high-stakes field.
People with metabolic syndrome have an increased risk of which of the following disorders, besides type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Hypertension, infections
- B. Myocardial infarction, hypertension
- C. Myocardial infarction, infections
- D. Myocardial infarction, liver cirrhosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Metabolic syndrome hikes heart attacks, hypertension vascular hits, not infections or cirrhosis extras. Nurses track this, a chronic CV duo.
After percutaneous cervical cordotomy:
- A. Ptosis and miosis occur on same side as the thermal lesion.
- B. Temporary reduced power in the arm or leg occur on the same side as the thermal lesion.
- C. Patients are likely to stay in hospital until retitration of opioid medication is complete.
- D. Immediately after successful cervical cordotomy, the pretreatment dose of opioid is likely to be reduced by 10%.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Post-percutaneous cervical cordotomy (PCC), outcomes relate to its C1-C2 approach. Ptosis and miosis (Horner's syndrome) occur ipsilateral to the lesion from sympathetic chain disruption common but often transient. Weakness, if any, affects the contralateral side due to corticospinal tract proximity, not ipsilateral, and is rare with modern precision. Hospital stay varies; opioid retitration may occur outpatient unless complications arise. Successful PCC reduces opioid needs by >50% often, not just 10%, due to effective pain relief. Neuropathic pain can emerge from tract damage. Horner's syndrome's ipsilateral presentation is a hallmark, reflecting local anatomy and PCC's occasional sympathetic impact, typically self-limiting.
After a road traffic accident at 50 miles per hour, a healthy 30-year-old patient is admitted to a major trauma centre with a closed femoral shaft fracture and pulmonary contusion. Routine management in the intensive care unit is likely to include:
- A. A tertiary survey.
- B. A course of broad-spectrum antibiotics.
- C. Non-specific medical treatment of a rising creatinine kinase concentration (CK).
- D. Delay in physiotherapy to minimize bleeding.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: ICU care post-trauma ensures comprehensive management. A tertiary survey (head-to-toe reassessment) identifies missed injuries (e.g., fractures), routine within 24-48 hours per trauma protocols, critical with polytrauma risks like this case. Antibiotics aren't routine without infection (e.g., open fracture); pulmonary contusion alone doesn't justify them. Rising CK from muscle damage (femoral fracture) may need monitoring (rhabdomyolysis risk), but treatment (e.g., fluids) is specific, not non-specific. Early physiotherapy aids recovery, not delayed bleeding risk is minimal with closed fractures post-stabilization. Surviving Sepsis guidelines apply only with sepsis. The tertiary survey's systematic approach prevents oversight, ensuring holistic care in a high-energy trauma patient.