Nokea
Which of the following is false regarding right ventricle?
- A. It has fine and regular trabeculations
- B. Septal attachment of AV valve is more apical
- C. Moderator band is present
- D. Trabecular septomarginalis is present
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The right ventricle typically has coarse trabeculations, not fine and regular ones.
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An 8-year-old female presents with chest pain of 1 day's duration. Five days prior to the pain, she had fever, chills, and myalgias. Physical examination reveals an uncomfortable, anxious, afebrile patient with tachycardia, no murmur, and distant heart sounds. The chest x-ray is shown in Figure 19-2. There is a paradoxical pulse of 22 mm Hg. The most likely diagnosis is
- A. myocarditis
- B. cardiomyopathy
- C. Kawasaki disease
- D. pericarditis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pericarditis causes distant heart sounds, paradoxical pulse, and can follow viral illnesses.
Features of congenital rubella syndrome include:
- A. Intrauterine growth retardation
- B. Hepatomegaly
- C. Thrombocytopenia
- D. Polydactyly
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Intrauterine growth retardation is a classic feature of congenital rubella syndrome due to the teratogenic effects of the virus.
Which of the following conditions results primarily from mutation in the gene encoding Vitamin D receptor?
- A. Vitamin D dependent rickets type 1
- B. Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2
- C. X-linked hypophosphatemic rickets
- D. Autosomal dominant hypophosphatemic rickets
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Vitamin D dependent rickets type 2 is caused by mutations in the vitamin D receptor gene, leading to resistance to vitamin D.
Measuring serum potassium is essential in a child with confirmed hypertension because hyperkalemia may be seen in
- A. Liddle syndrome
- B. Gordon syndrome
- C. glucocorticoid remediable aldosteronism
- D. apparent mineralocorticoid excess
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Hyperkalemia is not typically associated with Liddle syndrome, which causes hypokalemia.
What is the recommended hourly maintenance fluid rate (water) for a 20 kg child?
- A. 50 ml/hour
- B. 60 ml/hour
- C. 80 ml/hour
- D. 100 ml/hour
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The recommended hourly maintenance fluid rate for a 20 kg child is 60 ml/hour, calculated using the formula: 100 ml/kg for the first 10 kg + 50 ml/kg for the next 10 kg.