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Which of the following is MOST likely considered a risk factor for extraneural metastasis in primary brain tumors?
- A. age less than 10 year
- B. female gender
- C. ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt insertion
- D. supratentorial tumor
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
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A 5-year-old child, recently diagnosed with ileocecal Burkitt lymphoma; lab investigations reveal: serum uric acid 12 mg/dl, serum sodium, 145 meq/dl; serum potassium, 4.5 meq/dl; serum phosphate 4.4 meq/dl; serum calcium, 8.9 mg/dl; blood urea, 22 mg/dl; serum creatinine, 0.8 mg/dl. Of the following, the MOST effective treatment is
- A. excessive hydration
- B. sodium bicarbonate
- C. xanthine oxidase inhibitor
- D. recombinant urate oxidase
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
The MOST appropriate advice for a 4-year-old child with stuttering and repetitions of initial sounds is
- A. there is no need for further evaluation as 80% recover by their own
- B. tries to reduce pressures associated with speaking
- C. refers to ENT specialist
- D. refers to speech therapist
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
A four-year-old patient, whose family follows a strict vegetarian diet, undergoes a prekindergarten physical examination. The pediatric nurse is alert to the patient's potential deficiency of:
- A. niacin.
- B. thiamin.
- C. vitamin B6.
- D. vitamin B12.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Failed to generate a rationale of 500+ characters after 5 retries.
At what age may an infant close their eyes to bright lights and show improved head control?
- A. 30-33 weeks after conception
- B. 34-36 weeks after conception
- C. Less than 30 weeks after conception
- D. 37-40 weeks after conception
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Around 30-33 weeks after conception, infants usually start closing their eyes in response to bright lights and exhibit enhanced head control. This developmental milestone indicates progress in their visual and motor abilities, reflecting the maturation of their neurological system. As preterm infants continue to grow and develop, they gradually acquire these skills, showcasing the natural progression of their sensory and motor functions.
A healthcare professional is planning care for an infant who has a colostomy. Which of the following actions should the healthcare professional take?
- A. Change the ostomy pouch every day.
- B. Use baby wipes to clean the stoma.
- C. Avoid using soap to clean the stoma.
- D. Apply barrier ointment to the skin around the stoma.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: When caring for an infant with a colostomy, it is essential to apply barrier ointment to the skin around the stoma. This helps in preventing skin breakdown and irritation caused by exposure to stool or urine. Changing the ostomy pouch as needed, using appropriate cleaning supplies such as warm water and mild soap (avoiding harsh chemicals like alcohol), and ensuring gentle cleaning of the stoma with a soft cloth or gauze are also important steps in colostomy care. Using baby wipes may not be recommended as they can contain chemicals that may irritate the sensitive skin around the stoma.