Nokea
Which of the following is not a biological macromolecule?
- A. Glycoproteins
- B. DNA
- C. Phospholipid
- D. Glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Glucose is a monosaccharide, which is a simple sugar and not a macromolecule. Glycoproteins, DNA, and phospholipids are all examples of biological macromolecules. Glycoproteins are proteins covalently bonded to carbohydrates, DNA is a nucleic acid, and phospholipids are lipids that contain a phosphate group.
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What is the function of the adrenal glands?
- A. To regulate metabolism
- B. To produce bile
- C. To produce red blood cells
- D. To regulate blood glucose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: To regulate blood glucose. The adrenal glands play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose levels and the body's response to stress. Choice A, 'To regulate metabolism,' is incorrect as the primary role of the adrenal glands is not directly related to metabolism regulation. Choice B, 'To produce bile,' is incorrect because bile is produced by the liver, not the adrenal glands. Choice C, 'To produce red blood cells,' is also incorrect as the production of red blood cells primarily occurs in the bone marrow, not the adrenal glands.
Which of the following brain structures is responsible for emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation?
- A. Amygdala
- B. Cerebellum
- C. Hypothalamus
- D. Pons
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is the amygdala. The amygdala is a key brain structure involved in processing emotions, emotional behavior, and motivation. It plays a crucial role in fear responses, emotional memories, and social behaviors. The cerebellum (Choice B) is primarily responsible for coordination and balance, not emotions. The hypothalamus (Choice C) regulates basic survival functions like hunger, thirst, and body temperature, but it is not primarily responsible for emotions. The pons (Choice D) is involved in functions such as sleep, respiration, and bladder control, but it is not the main center for emotions, emotional behavior, or motivation.
Which of the following statements is true about an allergic reaction?
- A. An allergic reaction, such as hives or wheezing, results from overactive body systems such as the integumentary and respiratory systems.
- B. An allergic reaction is a result of overactive B-cells in the body that release various immunoglobulins.
- C. An allergic reaction is caused by overactive mast cells in the body, which are stimulated by Immunoglobulin E.
- D. An allergic reaction involves substances like histamine, keratin, and collagen.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C. Mast cells are responsible for releasing histamine and other chemicals during an allergic response. Choice A is incorrect because hives and wheezing are symptoms of an allergic reaction, not the causes. Choice B is incorrect as B-cells are not directly involved in allergic reactions. Choice D is incorrect as keratin and collagen are not typically involved in allergic reactions, and histamine is released by mast cells.
Which part of the brain is responsible for controlling involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate?
- A. Cerebrum
- B. Medulla oblongata
- C. Cerebellum
- D. Thalamus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The medulla oblongata is located at the base of the brainstem and is responsible for controlling vital involuntary functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure. The cerebrum, although the largest part of the brain, is primarily responsible for higher brain functions like thinking and voluntary muscle movements. The cerebellum is involved in coordination, balance, and muscle control. The thalamus acts as a relay station for sensory information but is not directly responsible for regulating involuntary functions like breathing and heart rate. Therefore, the correct answer is the medulla oblongata.
What is the role of platelets in the blood?
- A. Transport oxygen
- B. Fight infection
- C. Produce antibodies
- D. Clot blood
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Platelets play a crucial role in blood clotting by forming clots to help stop bleeding. While red blood cells transport oxygen, white blood cells fight infection, and immune cells produce antibodies, platelets specifically function to prevent excessive bleeding by forming clots. Therefore, the correct answer is D. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect as they describe functions of other components of the blood, not platelets.