Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a physical cause often associated with Phonological disorder?
- A. A hearing impairment
- B. Cleft palate
- C. Small frontal lobes
- D. Cerebral palsy
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Frontal Lobes: One of four parts of the cerebrum that control voluntary movement, verbal expressions, problem solving, one's will power, and planning; not a common physical cause of phonological disorder.
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A patient, who has had three successive spontaneous abortions, reached the twelfth week of pregnancy on the fourth attempt, when she passed a moderate amount of blood with clots per vaginam and complained of intermittent lower abdominal pain. On vaginal examination, the cervical canal admitted one finger readily and bimanual palpation revealed a uterus compatible in size with a pregnancy of only eight weeks duration. The menstrual cycle had been regular (5/28) before this pregnancy and the duration of pregnancy calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period was definitely known. Which one of the following is the most likely diagnosis?
- A. Threatened abortion.
- B. Cervical incompetence.
- C. Incomplete abortion.
- D. Ectopic pregnancy.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Bleeding, pain, open cervix, and uterine size smaller than expected (8 weeks vs. 12 weeks) suggest incomplete abortion (C), where some products of conception remain. Threatened abortion (A) has a closed cervix, cervical incompetence (B) lacks bleeding, ectopic (D) has different signs, and missed abortion (E) has no expulsion.
A patient who has been hospitalized for 2 days remains delusional and anxious and does not yet appear to be ready to give up the delusions. What intervention will best help the patient focus less on the delusion?
- A. Schedule time for the patient to read and listen to music.
- B. Plan activities that require physical skills and constructive use of time.
- C. Begin planning for discharge by engaging the patient in psychoeducation.
- D. Discuss personal goals related to improved socialization with the patient.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because engaging in activities that require physical skills and constructive use of time can help the patient shift their focus away from the delusions. Physical activities can help reduce anxiety and provide a sense of accomplishment, which can help distract the patient from the delusions. It also promotes a sense of normalcy and routine, which can aid in grounding the patient in reality.
Choice A is incorrect because reading and listening to music may not actively engage the patient in a way that helps them shift their focus from the delusions. Choice C is incorrect because planning for discharge may be premature and may not address the immediate need to distract the patient from the delusions. Choice D is incorrect because discussing personal goals related to improved socialization may not be effective in helping the patient focus less on the delusions at this stage.
In Anorexia Nervosa (AN), which of the following is a characteristic clinical feature?
- A. Intense fear of gaining weight
- B. Intense desire to binge eat
- C. Intense desire to vomit
- D. Intense desire to keep themselves busy
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Per DSM-5, an intense fear of gaining weight is a hallmark of Anorexia Nervosa, distinguishing it from other eating disorders.
Disability is:
- A. More common in low-income region of the world
- B. Found in 16% or 1.3 billion people worldwide
- C. More common in males
- D. Not inclusive of mental health conditions
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: WHO estimates disability affects 16% of the global population (1.3 billion), including mental health conditions.
A nurse assesses that which of the following individuals is most likely to engage in binge-eating behaviors characteristic of bulimia?
- A. A person who weighs 225 pounds and is 5 feet 4 inches tall.
- B. A person who is 5 pounds overweight and cannot stick to a diet.
- C. A person who lost up 40 pounds but gained it back within 1 year.
- D. A person who monitors caloric intake in order to fit into a small suit.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because binge-eating behaviors are often associated with individuals who struggle to control their eating, leading to episodes of excessive food consumption. Being unable to stick to a diet indicates a lack of control, which is a key characteristic of binge-eating. Choice A focuses more on weight and height, which are not direct indicators of binge-eating. Choice C describes weight fluctuations, which may not necessarily be linked to binge-eating. Choice D emphasizes monitoring caloric intake for a specific goal, which does not necessarily indicate a loss of control over eating behavior.