Nokea
Which of the following is not involved in parturition.
- A. an increase in prostaglandin secretion
- B. an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors
- C. an increase in luteinising hormone secretion.
- D. an increase in oxytocin secretion.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step-by-step rationale:
1. Parturition is the process of giving birth.
2. Luteinising hormone (LH) is primarily involved in the menstrual cycle and ovulation, not parturition.
3. Prostaglandins and oxytocin play crucial roles in initiating and sustaining labor.
4. An increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for effective uterine contractions during parturition.
5. Therefore, an increase in luteinising hormone secretion is not involved in parturition.
Summary of incorrect choices:
A: Incorrect - an increase in prostaglandin secretion is involved in parturition.
B: Incorrect - an increase in uterine oxytocin receptors is necessary for parturition.
D: Incorrect - an increase in oxytocin secretion is crucial for initiating labor.
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In the following figure, which lines most likely reflect the responses in a patient with nephrogenic diabetes insipidus?
- A. A and C
- B. A and D
- C. B and C
- D. B and D
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because in nephrogenic diabetes insipidus, the kidney tubules are unable to respond to antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This results in the inability to concentrate urine, leading to excessive dilute urine output. Lines A and D in the figure represent a high urine output (polyuria) and low urine osmolality, which are characteristic of nephrogenic diabetes insipidus. Choice A (A and C) is incorrect because line C does not show low urine osmolality. Choice C (B and C) is incorrect because line B does not show high urine output. Choice D (B and D) is incorrect because line D does not show low urine osmolality.
Mrs. Smith balks at the idea of looking at her incision. It would be most appropriate to
- A. insist that she look at the incision
- B. document her refusal in the chart
- C. respect her feelings
- D. arrange for a psychiatric consultation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Respecting her feelings acknowledges her emotional state and promotes trust.
The largest ovarian ligament is the _____ ligament.
- A. ovarian
- B. broad
- C. suspensory
- D. sacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: broad ligament. The broad ligament is the largest ovarian ligament, providing support to the uterus and ovaries. It consists of layers of peritoneum and serves as a protective barrier. The other choices are incorrect because the ovarian ligament specifically connects the ovary to the uterus, the suspensory ligament supports the ovary and contains blood vessels, and the sacral ligament is not related to the ovary.
The nurse observes that the urinary meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. How does the nurse document this finding?
- A. Balanitis
- B. Phimosis
- C. Epispadias
- D. Hypospadias
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hypospadias. In hypospadias, the urinary meatus is located on the undersurface of the penis. This condition occurs due to abnormal development of the urethral opening. To document this finding, the nurse should use accurate terminology.
A: Balanitis is inflammation of the glans penis and is not related to the location of the urinary meatus.
B: Phimosis is the inability to retract the foreskin over the glans penis and is not related to the location of the urinary meatus.
C: Epispadias is a rare condition where the urinary meatus is located on the upper side of the penis, opposite to hypospadias.
After scheduling a patient with a possible ovarian cyst for ultrasound, the nurse will teach the patient that she should
- A. expect to receive IV contrast during the procedure
- B. drink several glasses of fluids before the procedure
- C. experience mild abdominal cramps after the procedure
- D. discontinue taking aspirin for 7 days before the procedure.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: experience mild abdominal cramps after the procedure. This is because ultrasound imaging for ovarian cysts is non-invasive and does not involve the use of IV contrast or require the patient to drink fluids before the procedure. The patient may experience mild abdominal cramps due to the pressure applied during the ultrasound, but this is temporary and not a cause for concern. Discontinuing aspirin is not necessary for an ultrasound procedure.