Nokea
Which of the following is the best predictor of adolescents attempting suicide?
- A. Depressed mood
- B. Feeling of euphoria
- C. Joyful mood
- D. Feeling of hopelessness
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Feeling of hopelessness. Adolescents who feel hopeless are at a higher risk of attempting suicide due to a lack of belief in positive outcomes. This feeling can lead to a sense of being trapped and unable to see a way out. Depressed mood (A) can contribute to suicide risk, but specifically feeling hopeless is a more direct predictor. Feeling of euphoria (B) and joyful mood (C) are actually less likely to be associated with suicide attempts, as they may temporarily mask underlying issues or provide a sense of distraction. Hopelessness is a key psychological factor that can lead to suicidal thoughts and behaviors in adolescents.
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A patient presents with recurrent episodes of throat pain, odynophagia, and fever. Physical examination reveals tonsillar enlargement with yellow-white exudates and tender cervical lymphadenopathy. Which of the following organisms is most likely responsible for this presentation?
- A. Streptococcus pneumoniae
- B. Haemophilus influenzae
- C. Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS)
- D. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Group A beta-hemolytic Streptococcus (GAS). GAS is the most likely organism responsible for this presentation, known as acute bacterial tonsillitis. GAS commonly causes symptoms such as throat pain, odynophagia, fever, tonsillar enlargement with exudates, and cervical lymphadenopathy. Streptococcal pharyngitis is a common bacterial infection of the throat caused by GAS. The other options are less likely as Streptococcus pneumoniae typically causes pneumonia and Haemophilus influenzae is associated with respiratory tract infections. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) commonly causes infectious mononucleosis, which presents with different symptoms than those described in the question.
Collaboration and teamwork are essential in public health to improve
- A. Staff performance
- B. Equity in services
- C. Proper use of resources
- D. Quality healthcare
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Equity in services. Collaboration and teamwork in public health are crucial to ensure equal access to services for all populations, regardless of their background or socioeconomic status. By working together, public health professionals can identify disparities and implement strategies to address them, ultimately leading to improved equity in healthcare services.
A: Staff performance - While collaboration and teamwork can positively impact staff performance, the primary focus in public health is on achieving equity in services for all individuals.
C: Proper use of resources - Collaboration can help optimize resource allocation, but the main goal in public health is to ensure equitable access to services.
D: Quality healthcare - While collaboration can enhance the quality of healthcare, the primary emphasis in public health is on promoting equity in services to address health disparities.
A patient with a suspected autoimmune disorder exhibits antibodies directed against self-antigens, leading to tissue damage and inflammation. Which of the following mechanisms is primarily responsible for the development of autoimmune diseases?
- A. Loss of self-tolerance
- B. Failure of innate immunity
- C. Defective T cell activation
- D. Impaired phagocytosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Loss of self-tolerance. This is because autoimmune diseases result from a breakdown in the immune system's ability to distinguish between self and non-self antigens, leading to the production of antibodies against self-antigens. When self-tolerance is lost, immune cells mistakenly target the body's own tissues, causing tissue damage and inflammation.
Choice B (Failure of innate immunity) is incorrect because autoimmune diseases are primarily driven by adaptive immunity rather than innate immunity. Choice C (Defective T cell activation) is incorrect as T cells play a critical role in the immune response to self-antigens in autoimmune diseases. Choice D (Impaired phagocytosis) is incorrect as phagocytosis is a mechanism primarily involved in the removal of pathogens, not in the development of autoimmune diseases.
A nurse is conducting a discharge planning assessment for a patient preparing to transition home. What action by the nurse demonstrates continuity of care?
- A. Providing the patient with written discharge instructions only
- B. Discharging the patient without coordinating follow-up care or support services
- C. Communicating with the patient's primary care provider and community resources
- D. Disregarding the patient's concerns and preferences during the discharge process Specialized Nursing Procedures
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because communicating with the patient's primary care provider and community resources demonstrates continuity of care. This action ensures a seamless transition from the hospital to home by keeping all involved parties informed and involved in the patient's care. Option A (written discharge instructions only) may provide information but lacks coordination with other healthcare providers. Option B (discharging without follow-up care coordination) can lead to gaps in care. Option D (disregarding patient concerns) goes against patient-centered care and can disrupt the continuity of care.
A nurse is conducting an admission assessment for a newly admitted patient. What aspect of cultural competence should the nurse prioritize during the assessment?
- A. Assuming that the patient shares the nurse's cultural beliefs
- B. Asking the patient about their cultural background and preferences
- C. Avoiding discussions about cultural differences to prevent discomfort
- D. Disregarding the patient's cultural practices and beliefs
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Correct Answer: B
Rationale:
1. Asking the patient about their cultural background and preferences shows respect for their individuality and acknowledges the importance of cultural competence in providing person-centered care.
2. It allows the nurse to gain valuable insights into the patient's beliefs, values, and practices, enabling them to deliver culturally appropriate care.
3. By prioritizing this aspect, the nurse can establish rapport, build trust, and enhance communication with the patient, leading to better outcomes.
4. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they either involve assumptions, avoidance, or disregard for the patient's cultural background, which can lead to misunderstandings, discomfort, and ineffective care.