Nokea
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are used to prevent respiratory distress, particularly in preterm infants, by promoting lung maturation.
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Theophylline levels in blood are increased by:
- A. Erythromycin
- B. Ciprofloxacin
- C. Smoking
- D. Digitalis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Erythromycin inhibits theophylline metabolism, raising levels.
Lactacidosis is most frequent in the cases of:
- A. While treated with acarbose
- B. While treated with glibenclamid
- C. While treated with metformin
- D. Triamcinolone
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Metformin is the most common cause of lactic acidosis among antidiabetic drugs, particularly in renal failure.
The nurse administers a specific medication to an older adult patient every 4 hours. The patient has a history of chronic renal failure. Why would this patient be at risk for toxic drug levels?
- A. Cumulative effect
- B. First-pass effect
- C. Drug interactions
- D. Cross-tolerance effect
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a drug is taken in successive doses at intervals that are shorter than recommended, or if the body is unable to eliminate a drug properly, the drug can accumulate in the body, leading to toxic levels and adverse effects. This is a cumulative effect. First-pass effect addresses the reduction of available drug when taken orally due to metabolism in the liver before the drug reaches the bloodstream. Drug interactions occur when taken with other drugs, food, or complementary alternative therapies. Cross-tolerance is resistance to drugs within the same class.
Which of the following statements about leukotriene pathway inhibitors in
- A. They are more potent anti-inflammatory agents than corticosteroids
- B. Have less side effects than corticosteroids
- C. Are contraindicated in children below 10 years of age
- D. Have no role in aspirin induced asthma
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Leukotriene inhibitors have fewer side effects than corticosteroids.
A nurse is teaching a client who has a new prescription for Dextromethorphan to suppress a cough. The nurse should instruct the client to monitor for which of the following adverse effects of this medication?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Anxiety
- C. Sedation
- D. Palpitations
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Dextromethorphan can cause sedation , a common side effect of this cough suppressant.