Nokea
Which of the following is the indication for glucocorticoid prescribing?
- A. Cataract
- B. Prevention of respiratory distress
- C. Hypofunction of thyroid gland
- D. Hypocalcemia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glucocorticoids are indicated to prevent respiratory distress, such as in preterm infants for lung maturation.
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If a 10 mg morphine produces a greater analgesic response than can achieved by ibuprofen at any dose, which of the following statements is correct?
- A. Morphine is less efficacious than is ibuprofen
- B. Morphine is less potent than is ibuprofen
- C. Morphine is a full agonist, and ibuprofen is a partial agonist
- D. Morphine is a better pain reliever than Ibuprofen
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Morphine's greater maximal effect suggests higher efficacy, making it a better choice for pain relief, though potency isn't compared here.
Cholinergic blockers are used to:
- A. Counteract the extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) effects of phenothiazines
- B. Control tremors and relax smooth muscle in Parkinson's disease
- C. Inhibit the muscarinic action of ACh on bladder muscle
- D. All of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Cholinergic blockers address EPS, Parkinson's symptoms, and bladder overactivity.
A nurse is reviewing the order for a medication. Which of the following must be included?
- A. Client's name
- B. Drug name
- C. Dosage form
- D. All the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: A primary health care provider's order must include the client's name, the drug name, the dosage form and route, the dosage to be administered, and the frequency of administration.
The reason that two MMR vaccines at least a month apart are recommended is:
- A. The second dose of MMR 'boosts' the immunity built from the first dose
- B. Two vaccines 1 month apart is the standard dosing for all live virus vaccines
- C. If the two MMR vaccine doses are given too close together there is a greater likelihood of severe localized reaction to the vaccine
- D. Only 95% of patients are fully immunized for measles after the first vaccine, with 99% having immunity after two doses of MMR
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Two MMR doses ensure 99% immunity, as 95% respond to one dose; boosting is secondary to this goal.
While collecting a medication history, the patient admits to doubling the recommended dosage of an over-the-counter (OTC) medication, saying It's harmless or they would require a prescription. What is the nurse's best response?
- A. OTC drugs are serious medications and carry serious risks if not taken as directed.
- B. Taking medications like that is careless and you could kill yourself doing it.
- C. Sometimes you need to take more than the package directs to treat the symptoms.
- D. Did you notify your doctor of the increased dosage you were taking?
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: OTC drugs are no less a medication than prescription drugs and carry the same types of risks for overdosage and toxicity if directions are not followed. Although increasing the dosage is careless and dangerous, it is important to use the information as a teaching opportunity rather than scolding the patient. Agreeing with the patient or asking her if she talked to the doctor misses the teaching opportunity, which could be harmful for the patient.