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Which of the following is the main neurological birth syndrome caused by anoxia?
- A. Down Syndrome
- B. Fragile X syndrome
- C. Cerebral palsy
- D. Cerebral Vascular accident
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cerebral Palsy: The main neurological birth syndrome caused by anoxia, characterized by motor symptoms affecting strength and coordination.
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The dopamine-psychosis link is based on the observation that
- A. low dopamine levels of activity in the brain seem to produce psychotic symptoms
- B. there are high levels of dopamine activity in the brains of psychotic people
- C. there are high levels of amphetamine in the brains of schizophrenics
- D. dopamine interacts with serotonin creating psychosis
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Elevated dopamine activity is associated with psychotic symptoms, especially in schizophrenia.
A 34-year-old male admitted with catatonic schizophrenia has been mute and motionless for several days while at home prior to admission. He still appears stuporous in the hospital. Which nursing intervention would be an initial priority?
- A. Orienting the client to the unit
- B. Assessing the client for physical problems
- C. Establishing a nonthreatening relationship
- D. Reinforcing reality with the client
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Assessing the client for physical problems. This is the initial priority because the client's muteness and motionless state could be due to an underlying physical issue that needs immediate attention, such as dehydration, malnutrition, or infection. By assessing for physical problems first, the nurse can rule out any urgent medical concerns before addressing the client's mental health needs.
A: Orienting the client to the unit - While important, this can be done after addressing any physical problems.
C: Establishing a nonthreatening relationship - Also essential, but assessing physical health takes precedence.
D: Reinforcing reality with the client - Not the immediate priority; physical assessment should come first.
A PET scan involves the injection of
- A. radioactive sugar
- B. iodine
- C. metal particles
- D. xenon gas
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: PET scans use radioactive glucose (sugar) to measure brain activity, aiding in diagnosing mental disorders.
Care planning requires that a nurse recognize that the dynamic focus directing a patient with anorexia nervosa is:
- A. managing weight gain.
- B. controlling personal stressors.
- C. maintaining a sense of control.
- D. avoiding social interactions.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Step 1: Anorexia nervosa is characterized by an intense fear of gaining weight and a distorted body image.
Step 2: Patients often use strict control over food intake as a way to cope with underlying emotional issues.
Step 3: Maintaining a sense of control is crucial in managing anorexia nervosa as it addresses the core psychological aspects driving the disorder.
Step 4: Managing weight gain (A) is not the primary focus as patients may resist gaining weight due to their fear.
Step 5: Controlling personal stressors (B) may be important but does not address the underlying issue of control related to food and body.
Step 6: Avoiding social interactions (D) does not address the core psychological need for control and can further isolate the patient.
A nurse cares for a rape victim who was given flunitrazepam (Rohypnol) by the assailant. Which intervention has priority? Monitoring for:
- A. Coma
- B. Seizures
- C. Hypotonia
- D. Respiratory depression
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Respiratory depression. Flunitrazepam is a sedative-hypnotic drug that can cause central nervous system depression, leading to respiratory depression, which is life-threatening. Monitoring respiratory status is crucial to prevent respiratory failure.
A: Coma may occur but is a consequence of severe respiratory depression, hence monitoring respiratory status is more critical.
B: Seizures are not a common side effect of flunitrazepam and do not pose immediate life-threatening risks compared to respiratory depression.
C: Hypotonia (muscle weakness) is a potential side effect but does not require immediate intervention like respiratory depression.
In summary, monitoring for respiratory depression is the priority as it can lead to respiratory failure and death, while the other choices are not as immediately life-threatening.