Nokea
Which of the following is the most common reason for hospitalization in older adults?
- A. Osteoarthritis
- B. Stroke
- C. Pneumonia
- D. Heart failure
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Pneumonia. Older adults are more susceptible to pneumonia due to weakened immune systems and underlying health conditions. Pneumonia can lead to severe complications, requiring hospitalization. Osteoarthritis (A) primarily affects joints and does not typically lead to hospitalization. Stroke (B) and heart failure (D) are serious conditions but may not be as common for hospitalization as pneumonia in older adults. Pneumonia's impact on the respiratory system and its ability to progress rapidly make it the most common reason for hospitalization in this population.
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The nurse prepares an older woman, who is Polish, for discharge through an interpreter and notes that she becomes tense during the instructions about elimination. Which intervention should the nurse implement?
- A. Move on to the discussion about medication.
- B. Ask the older woman how she feels about this topic.
- C. Instruct the interpreter to repeat the instructions.
- D. Have the older woman repeat the instructions for clarity.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because it directly addresses the older woman's emotional response to the instructions, showing empathy and understanding. By asking how she feels, the nurse can uncover any concerns or fears she may have, leading to effective communication and tailored support. Moving on to medication (A) ignores the woman's distress, potentially worsening the situation. Instructing the interpreter to repeat instructions (C) may not address the underlying issue. Having the woman repeat instructions (D) does not acknowledge her emotional state and may not resolve her tension.
What is the most common cause of hospitalization for older adults with diabetes?
- A. Stroke
- B. Hypoglycemia
- C. Diabetic ketoacidosis
- D. Infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Infection. Older adults with diabetes are more vulnerable to infections due to weakened immune systems caused by high blood sugar levels. Infections can lead to severe complications and hospitalization. Stroke (A) is a common complication of diabetes but not the most common cause of hospitalization. Hypoglycemia (B) and diabetic ketoacidosis (C) are acute complications of diabetes but are less common causes of hospitalization compared to infections.
When assessing the health status of super-centenarians in a long-term care facility, which statement is most accurate regarding their general capabilities?
- A. A significant number of super-centenarians are dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities.
- B. Many super-centenarians exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age.
- C. The majority of super-centenarians are unable to engage in social activities due to health limitations.
- D. Most super-centenarians experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because super-centenarians, who are individuals aged 110 years or older, often exhibit a high level of functional independence despite their advanced age. This is supported by research showing that many super-centenarians maintain physical and cognitive abilities that allow them to perform daily activities without significant assistance. This statement aligns with the concept of successful aging, where individuals maintain autonomy and independence in later years.
Option A is incorrect because a significant number of super-centenarians are not dependent on full-time nursing care for daily activities. Option C is incorrect as many super-centenarians can still engage in social activities despite health limitations. Option D is incorrect as most super-centenarians do not experience severe cognitive decline that affects their daily living.
Which of the following interventions is most effective in preventing the development of pressure ulcers in older adults with limited mobility?
- A. Strict bed rest and minimal repositioning to reduce pressure
- B. Use of high-protein diets and supplemental vitamins only
- C. Regular repositioning every 2 hours, along with the use of pressure-relieving devices
- D. Ensuring that all wounds are left uncovered to facilitate air circulation
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because regular repositioning every 2 hours, along with the use of pressure-relieving devices, is the most effective intervention to prevent pressure ulcers in older adults with limited mobility. Repositioning helps to redistribute pressure, reducing the risk of tissue damage. Pressure-relieving devices like cushions or mattresses further help to alleviate pressure points.
Choice A is incorrect because strict bed rest and minimal repositioning can actually increase the risk of pressure ulcers by concentrating pressure on specific areas. Choice B is incorrect as high-protein diets and supplements alone do not address the primary cause of pressure ulcers, which is prolonged pressure on the skin. Choice D is incorrect because leaving wounds uncovered can increase the risk of infection and hinder the healing process.
Mandatory retirement at age 65 years is consistent with which theory of aging?
- A. Role theory
- B. Disengagement theory
- C. Age-stratification theory
- D. Social exchange theory
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Disengagement theory. This theory suggests that as people age, they naturally withdraw or disengage from societal roles and responsibilities. Mandatory retirement at age 65 aligns with this theory as it reflects the societal expectation of older individuals stepping back from work roles. Role theory (A) focuses on how individuals adapt to various social roles throughout their lives, not specifically related to retirement. Age-stratification theory (C) emphasizes how age impacts societal structures and opportunities, not retirement policies. Social exchange theory (D) focuses on relationships and interactions based on the exchange of resources, not specifically related to retirement age policies.