Nokea
Which of the following is the most prominent feature of public health nursing?
- A. Providing home care to sick people who are not confined in the hospital
- B. Providing free services to people within the catchment area
- C. Functioning as part of a team to provide a public health nursing service
- D. Focusing on preventive, not curative services
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because public health nursing's main focus is on preventive measures to promote and protect the health of populations. This involves activities such as health education, immunizations, and screenings to prevent illness and promote wellness. Providing home care (choice A) is a part of public health nursing but not the most prominent feature. Providing free services (choice B) may be an aspect of public health nursing, but it is not the defining characteristic. Functioning as part of a team (choice C) is important in public health nursing, but it is not the most prominent feature; the emphasis is on preventive services.
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Tertiary prevention is needed in which stage of the natural history of disease?
- A. Pre-pathogenesis
- B. Pathogenesis
- C. Predromal
- D. Terminal
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Tertiary prevention occurs during the Terminal stage of the natural history of disease. This stage involves managing the disease to prevent complications and improve the quality of life. Tertiary prevention focuses on rehabilitation, palliative care, and support to prevent further deterioration. In contrast, Pre-pathogenesis is before the disease develops, Pathogenesis is the development and progression of the disease, and Predromal is the early signs and symptoms before the disease fully manifests. These stages are not where tertiary prevention interventions are typically implemented.
According to Margaret Shetland, the philosophy of public health nursing is based on which of the following?
- A. Health and longevity as birthrights
- B. The mandate of the state to protect the birthrights of its citizens
- C. Public health nursing as a specialized field of nursing
- D. The worth and dignity of man
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because the philosophy of public health nursing is rooted in the belief in the worth and dignity of every individual. This foundational principle guides public health nurses to provide care and support to all individuals, regardless of their background or circumstances. Choice A is incorrect because health and longevity are not considered birthrights but rather outcomes influenced by various factors. Choice B is incorrect as public health nursing focuses on individuals' well-being, not just state mandates. Choice C is incorrect as public health nursing is a holistic approach encompassing various aspects of nursing, not just a specialized field.
What process is required for population-focused nursing practice?
- A. Community organizing
- B. Nursing process
- C. Community diagnosis
- D. Epidemiologic process
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Community diagnosis. This process involves assessing the health needs and concerns of a specific population to develop targeted interventions. Community organizing (A) focuses on mobilizing community members for advocacy. The nursing process (B) is a framework for individualized care. Epidemiologic process (D) is about studying disease patterns in populations. Community diagnosis is essential for population-focused nursing as it helps identify priority health issues and develop evidence-based interventions.
What is the primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation?
- A. Delineate the etiology of the epidemic
- B. Encourage cooperation and support of the community
- C. Identify groups at risk of contracting the disease
- D. Identify the geographical locations of disease cases in the community
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The primary purpose of conducting an epidemiologic investigation is to delineate the etiology of the epidemic. This involves studying the causes and risk factors contributing to the outbreak of the disease. Understanding the etiology helps in developing prevention and control strategies. Other choices are incorrect because encouraging cooperation and support of the community (B) and identifying groups at risk (C) are important outcomes but not the primary purpose of the investigation. Similarly, identifying geographical locations of disease cases (D) is essential for mapping the spread but not the main objective of determining the cause.
The public health nurse is the supervisor of rural health midwives. Which of the following is a supervisory function of the public health nurse?
- A. Referring cases or patients to the midwife
- B. Providing technical guidance to the midwife
- C. Providing nursing care to cases referred by the midwife
- D. Formulating and implementing training programs for midwives
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: Providing technical guidance to the midwife. This is a supervisory function as it involves overseeing and advising the midwife on technical aspects of their work. This ensures quality and consistency in healthcare delivery. Referring cases (A) is more of a collaborative function. Providing nursing care (C) is a direct care function. Formulating training programs (D) is a managerial function, not a direct supervisory role.