Nokea
Which of the following is the predominant route by which pathogens are brought from a site of infection into a lymph node?
- A. efferent lymphatics
- B. artery
- C. vein
- D. afferent lymphatics
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: afferent lymphatics. Afferent lymphatics are the vessels that carry lymph fluid from the site of infection to the lymph node, allowing pathogens to be transported to the lymph node for immune response. Efferent lymphatics (choice A) carry lymph away from the lymph node, arteries (choice B) carry oxygenated blood, and veins (choice C) carry deoxygenated blood, none of which are the primary route for pathogens to reach the lymph node.
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The nurse is addressing condom use in the context of a health promotion workshop. When discussing the correct use of condoms, which instruction should the nurse give the attendees?
- A. Apply the condom prior to erection
- B. A condom may be reused with the same partner if ejaculation has not occurred
- C. Use skin lotion as a lubricant if alternatives are unavailable
- D. Hold the condom during withdrawal so it doesn't come off
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: Hold the condom during withdrawal so it doesn't come off. This is crucial to prevent slippage and potential exposure to sexually transmitted infections or unintended pregnancy. Holding the condom during withdrawal maintains its position and reduces the risk of breakage.
A: Applying the condom prior to erection is incorrect as it may lead to slippage.
B: Reusing a condom is unsafe and increases the risk of breakage and transmission of infections.
C: Using skin lotion as a lubricant is not recommended as it can damage the condom and increase the risk of breakage.
Aplasia can occur because of riboflavin deficiency?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Sometimes
- D. Only in severe cases
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: FALSE. Aplasia is not directly caused by riboflavin deficiency. Aplasia refers to the failure of an organ or tissue to develop or function normally, while riboflavin deficiency is associated with conditions like glossitis and cheilosis, not aplasia. Riboflavin deficiency primarily affects mucous membranes and skin, not organ development. Therefore, there is no direct causal relationship between riboflavin deficiency and aplasia. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect as they suggest a potential link between riboflavin deficiency and aplasia, which is not supported by scientific evidence.
What is the primary purpose of a transitional object?
- A. It helps the parents deal with the guilt they feel when they leave the child.
- B. It keeps the child quiet at bedtime.
- C. It is effective in decreasing anxiety in the toddler.
- D. It decreases negativism and tantrums in the toddler.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The primary purpose of a transitional object is to decrease anxiety in the toddler. The object provides comfort and security when the child is separated from their caregiver, reducing feelings of distress. It serves as a source of emotional support and helps the child manage their emotions independently. The other choices are incorrect because they focus on the parent's feelings (A), behavior modification (D), or simply keeping the child quiet (B), rather than addressing the emotional needs of the child.
The nurse is evaluating care provided to a client with disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Which observation indicates care has been successful for this client?
- A. Heart rate 110 beats per minute
- B. Oxygen saturation level 86%
- C. Urine output 20 mL per hour
- D. No evidence of bleeding
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D because in DIC, excessive clotting can lead to bleeding. Therefore, the absence of bleeding indicates successful care. Option A is not specific to DIC management. Option B indicates poor oxygenation, not related to DIC. Option C is insufficient urine output, not a direct indicator of DIC management.
What is the most important nursing consideration when preparing to teach parents of a child with sickle cell disease?
- A. Teach the parents and the child how to minimize sickle cell crises.
- B. Refer the parents for genetic counseling once the child is well.
- C. Observe for complications of multiple blood transfusions.
- D. Help the child and family adjust generally to a chronic disease.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A because educating parents and the child on how to minimize sickle cell crises is crucial in managing the disease effectively. By teaching them about triggers, symptoms, and preventive measures, they can proactively address potential crises and improve the child's quality of life. Referring for genetic counseling (B) is important but not the most immediate consideration. Observing for transfusion complications (C) is necessary but not the primary focus of teaching. Helping the family adjust (D) is important but not as urgent as minimizing crises.