Nokea
which of the following is true concerning rheumatic fever?
- A. it is usually associated with glomerulonephritis
- B. symptoms disappear shortly after the fever abate and the temperature returns to normal
- C. the child should resume normal activities as soon as she feels well
- D. it usually follows a streptococcal infection
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rheumatic fever is an inflammatory disease that can develop as a complication of inadequately treated streptococcal infections, especially streptococcal throat infections caused by group A streptococcus bacteria. The bacteria trigger an abnormal immune response in susceptible individuals, leading to the development of rheumatic fever. The other choices are not accurate. Glomerulonephritis is a separate condition associated with certain types of streptococcal infections but not with rheumatic fever. Symptoms of rheumatic fever can persist even after the fever has subsided, and it is important for children with rheumatic fever to follow proper treatment and rest guidelines as advised by healthcare providers. It is crucial for individuals with rheumatic fever to avoid activities that could strain the heart until the condition has been properly managed.
You may also like to solve these questions
Which painful, tender, pea-sized nodules may appear on the pads of the fingers or toes in bacterial endocarditis?
- A. Osler nodes
- B. Janeway lesions
- C. Subcutaneous nodules
- D. Aschoff nodes
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Osler nodes are painful, tender, pea-sized nodules that can appear on the pads of the fingers or toes and are associated with bacterial endocarditis. These nodules result from immune-complex deposition in the small blood vessels of the skin. They are not to be confused with Janeway lesions, which are painless, non-tender macules found on the palms and soles in infective endocarditis. Subcutaneous nodules are seen in conditions like rheumatic fever, while Aschoff nodes are characteristic of rheumatic fever involving the heart.
Which type of diabetes mellitus (DM) most likely results from heterogenous risk factors, making it preventable?
- A. Type 1
- B. Type 2
- C. Type 1 and 2
- D. Gestational diabetes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) most likely results from heterogeneous risk factors, such as obesity, unhealthy diet, sedentary lifestyle, genetic predisposition, and other lifestyle factors. By addressing these risk factors through lifestyle modifications, such as maintaining a healthy diet and regular exercise, the development of Type 2 DM can often be prevented or delayed. On the other hand, Type 1 diabetes is primarily an autoimmune condition where the body mistakenly attacks insulin-producing cells in the pancreas, and it is not preventable. Gestational diabetes occurs during pregnancy and is influenced by hormonal changes during pregnancy and other factors, making it less preventable through lifestyle changes alone. Thus, Type 2 diabetes is the type that is most preventable through lifestyle modifications.
The nurse will assess a loss of ability in which of the following areas?
- A. Balance
- B. Speech
- C. Judgment
- D. Endurance
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The nurse will assess a loss of ability in the area of balance. Balance is an essential component of the physical function that allows individuals to maintain an upright posture and stability during movement. A loss of balance can significantly impact a person's mobility, coordination, and safety. Nurses often assess balance as part of their evaluations to identify any impairments that may affect a patient's independence and daily activities.
while gently abducting the hips, the nurse feels the femoral head slip into the acetabulum. the nurse documents this finding as a positive:
- A. barlow's test
- B. jackson's sign
- C. ortolani's sign
- D. trendelenburg's sign glomerulonephritis?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Ortolani's sign is a physical exam maneuver used to detect congenital hip dislocation in infants. When performing Ortolani's sign, the nurse gently abducts the hips and feels the femoral head slipping back into the acetabulum. This is considered a positive finding and suggests the presence of hip dysplasia. Barlow's test, on the other hand, involves gently adducting the hip to feel for instability and potential dislocation. Jackson's sign is a maneuver for detecting hip dislocation by observing leg length discrepancy. Trendelenburg's sign is a test for hip abductor weakness. Hematuria is the presence of blood in urine and is not related to hip exams or signs.
A 39 y.o. homemaker sees her physician after she falls twice for seemingly no reason. Diagnostic tests are done, and she is diagnosed with multiple sclerosis. Which of the ff. explanations will help her understand her disease?
- A. "You have a build-up of myelin in your nervous system, causing congestion and muscle weakness."
- B. "You are missing a neurotransmitter that is important to muscle contraction."
- C. "The receptor sites on your muscles are damaged, so they can't contract correctly."
- D. "The insulation on your nerve cells is damaged, which slows the impulses to the muscles."
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Option D, "The insulation on your nerve cells is damaged, which slows the impulses to the muscles," is the most accurate explanation for multiple sclerosis. Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disorder where the body's immune system mistakenly attacks the myelin sheath, the protective covering of nerve fibers in the central nervous system. This damage disrupts the normal flow of electrical impulses along the nerves, leading to various symptoms such as muscle weakness, coordination problems, and balance issues. By understanding that the insulation on her nerve cells is damaged, the patient can better comprehend why she is experiencing symptoms like muscle weakness and falls.