Nokea
Which of the following is true of hypotheses of the form 'All x are y'?
- A. Something that is neither x nor y disproves the hypothesis.
- B. Something that is both x and y disproves the hypothesis.
- C. Something that is x but not y disproves the hypothesis.
- D. Something that is y but not x disproves the hypothesis.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In hypotheses of the form 'All x are y,' the hypothesis is making a claim that all instances of x also fall under y. Therefore, if something is y but not x, it disproves the hypothesis because it contradicts the assertion that all x are y. Choice A is incorrect because something that is neither x nor y doesn't provide evidence against the hypothesis. Choice B is incorrect because if something is both x and y, it actually supports the hypothesis. Choice C is incorrect as something that is x but not y doesn't disprove the hypothesis, as it could still be consistent with the claim that all x are y.
You may also like to solve these questions
What is the purpose of the italics used for several of the works identified in the sentence above?
- A. to indicate a full-length published book
- B. to indicate a work of classic literature
- C. to indicate recommended summer reading
- D. to indicate books that Angela completed
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The purpose of the italics used for several of the works identified in the sentence above is to indicate a full-length published book. In the provided extract, titles of books such as 'The Great Gatsby,' 'Brave New World,' 'A Passage to India,' and 'The Cask of Amontillado' are italicized to emphasize them as standalone works. This formatting convention is commonly used to highlight titles of books, magazines, movies, and other individual works in written text. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect as the italics are not specifically indicating classic literature, recommended summer reading, or completion by Angela, but rather serving the general purpose of emphasizing standalone works.
Which of the following is part of the world view, with which we may not agree, that the author implies we might absorb from these movies if we're careless and unquestioning:
- A. Enemies of the U.S. do not ever fight for legitimate causes.
- B. The community is morally bankrupt.
- C. The U.S. is complex.
- D. The U.S. is not skilled at warfare.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A. Throughout the text, the author discusses how American war movies often portray U.S. enemies as lacking legitimate causes. This portrayal can lead to a simplistic view of global conflicts and perpetuate stereotypes. Choice B is incorrect as the text does not discuss the community being morally bankrupt. Choice C is incorrect as the focus is not on the complexity of the U.S. but on the portrayal of enemies and heroes. Choice D is incorrect as the text actually mentions that the hero in the movies is highly skilled at warfare.
What is the meaning of the word deceptive as it is used in the fifth paragraph?
- A. misleading
- B. malicious
- C. illegal
- D. irritating
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: In the context of the fifth paragraph, the word 'deceptive' is used to describe actions that are misleading or giving a false impression. It does not directly imply malice, illegality, or irritation, but rather that the actions are meant to mislead or deceive others. Choice A is correct as it aligns with the definition of 'deceptive' in this context. Choice B, 'malicious,' implies a deliberate intent to harm, which is not necessarily conveyed by the term 'deceptive' in this paragraph. Choice C, 'illegal,' does not capture the essence of misleading actions without specifically addressing the legality aspect. Choice D, 'irritating,' is unrelated to the meaning of 'deceptive' as used in this context.
Which of the following sentences uses the word 'smart' with a negative connotation, rather than a positive connotation or simply the word's denotation?
- A. Eliot's teacher said he was not quite gifted, but too smart for a general class.
- B. Eliot was smart to have studied the day before the test; he got a good grade.
- C. Eliot was identified by his teacher as one of the smart students in her classes.
- D. Eliot got into trouble when he gave a smart answer to his teacher's question.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: In sentence D, the word 'smart' is used with a negative connotation as it describes Eliot getting into trouble for giving a smart answer to his teacher's question. This implies that being smart in this context led to a negative consequence. Choices A, B, and C use 'smart' in a positive or neutral light, highlighting intelligence or wise decisions without any negative implications.
What is the main idea of the passage?
- A. Manufacturers of dietary supplements must adhere to good manufacturing practices.
- B. The FDA has a specialized program for regulating dietary supplements.
- C. The federal government prosecutes individuals who deceive the public.
- D. The FDA operates under the federal government.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The main idea of the passage is that the FDA has a specialized program for regulating dietary supplements. The passage explains how the FDA regulates dietary supplements differently from drugs, focusing on the requirements for marketing, good manufacturing practices, monitoring safety, and taking action against unsafe products. Choice A is incorrect because while it mentions good manufacturing practices, it's not the central idea of the passage. Choice C is incorrect as there is no emphasis on prosecuting individuals in the passage. Choice D is incorrect because stating that the FDA is part of the federal government is not the main idea discussed in the passage.