Nokea
Which of the following is true regarding the Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act (DSHEA)?Select one that does not apply.
- A. The act allows for DEA enforcement of the act.
- B. The act gives the FDA power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
- C. The act permits general health claims.
- D. The act does not permit curative health claims.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The DSHEA defines substances such as herbs, vitamins, minerals, amino acids, and other natural substances as 'dietary supplements' and permits general health claims as long as the label also has a disclaimer stating that the supplements are not approved by the FDA and are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure, or prevent any disease. The act gives the FDA the power to enforce the laws governed by the act.
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Which of the following beta-blockers has intrinsic sympathomimetic activity (ISA)?
- A. Bisoprolol
- B. Timolol
- C. Pindolol
- D. Propanolol
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pindolol has ISA, partially stimulating beta receptors while blocking them, reducing bradycardia risk.
Robert, age 51 years, has been told by his primary care provider (PCP) to take an aspirin a day. Why would this be recommended?
- A. He has arthritis and this will help with the inflammation and pain
- B. Aspirin has anti-platelet activity and prevents clots that cause heart attacks
- C. Aspirin acidifies the urine and he needs this for prostate health
- D. He has a history of GI bleed, and one aspirin a day is a safe dosage
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Aspirin's antiplatelet effect reduces cardiovascular risk, a common recommendation for men over 50; arthritis or prostate aren't primary reasons.
The following drug when used for prolonged period in the maintenance treatment of tonic-clonic seizures can lead to increased metabolism of warfarin like drugs:
- A. Phenobarbitone
- B. Meprobamate
- C. Chlordiazepoxide
- D. Triazolam
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Phenobarbitone induces CYP450, increasing warfarin metabolism.
Isotonic lactated Ringer's solution is indicated in all of the following conditions EXCEPT:
- A. Dehydration
- B. Liver diseases
- C. Acute blood loss
- D. Lower GIT fluid loss
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lactated Ringer's can exacerbate liver disease due to impaired lactate metabolism.
Which of the following is an insulin effect in the liver:
- A. Inhibition of glycogenolisis
- B. Inhibition of glycolysis
- C. Decrease of glycogenesis
- D. Decreases of pyruvatkinase, phosphofructokinase and glucokinase activity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin inhibits glycogenolysis in the liver, promoting glucose storage as glycogen rather than its breakdown.