Nokea
A physician order is written for a patient to receive 500 mL of normal saline IV over 8 hours. If the IV infusion set delivers 15 drops/mL, how many drops per minute should the patient receive?
- A. 15 drops/min
- B. 20 drops/min
- C. 32 drops/min
- D. 64 drops/min
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: If a patient were to receive 500 mL in 8 hours, dividing 500 by 8 would mean that the patient would receive 62.5 mL in 1 hour, or 60 minutes. Setting up the equation, 15 drops/mL/X = 62.5 mL/60 minutes, and cross-multiplying, the answer will be 15 drops/min.
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The nurse administers an intravenous medication with a half-life of 24 hours but recognizes what factors in this patient could extend the drug's half-life? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Gastrointestinal disease
- B. Kidney disease
- C. Liver disease
- D. Cardiovascular disease
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Kidney disease could slow excretion and extend the drug's half-life. Liver disease could slow metabolism resulting in an extended half-life. Cardiovascular disease could slow distribution resulting in a longer half-life. Gastrointestinal disease would not impact half-life because the medication was injected directly into the bloodstream. Route of administration would not extend half-life because IV injection eliminates the absorption step in the process.
Antonia is a 3-year-old child who has a history of status epilepticus. Along with her routine antiseizure medication, she should also have a home prescription for to be used for an episode of status epilepticus.
- A. IV phenobarbital
- B. Rectal diazepam (Diastat)
- C. IV phenytoin (Dilantin)
- D. Oral carbamazepine (Tegretol)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Rectal diazepam is a rescue medication for status epilepticus at home.
Which of the following is the longest acting newer antihistamine:
- A. Mequitazine
- B. Loratidine
- C. Astemizole
- D. Terfenadine
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Astemizole has the longest duration among listed antihistamines.
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration approval is required for:
- A. Medical devices, including artificial joints
- B. Over-the-counter vitamins
- C. Herbal products, such as St John's wort
- D. Dietary supplements, such as Ensure
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: FDA approval is required for medical devices like artificial joints , but not OTC vitamins, herbal products, or supplements (B-D), which have lighter oversight.
What happens in the case of thyroid hormones triiodethyronine (T3) and tetraiodethyronine (T4) I the blood:
- A. Decrease thyrotropin hormone release in the blood
- B. Increase thyrotropin hormone release in the blood
- C. Decrease thyroid releasing hormone release in the blood
- D. Doesn't change thyrotropine and thyroid releasing hormone release
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: High T3 and T4 levels decrease TSH release via negative feedback on the pituitary.