Nokea
Which of the following is true with regard to oral administration of cardiotonic drugs? Select all that apply.
- A. Capsule doses are less absorbed.
- B. Alternating between oral dosage forms is avoided.
- C. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with food or fluids.
- D. Oral dosage forms can be administered without regard to meals.
- E. The recommended dosage of the capsules is 80% more than that of tablets.
Correct Answer: B,C,D
Rationale: Oral preparations can be given without regard to meals. Tablets can be crushed and mixed with food or fluids if the patient has difficulty swallowing. Do not alternate between the dosage forms (i.e., tablets and capsules); these dosages are not the same. Owing to better absorption, the recommended dosage of the capsules is 80% of the dosage for tablets and elixir.
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To help control the nausea and anorexia that may occur as an adverse reaction during digoxin therapy, the nurse should recommend which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Eating frequent smaller meals
- B. Restricting fluids at mealtime
- C. Maintaining good oral hygiene
- D. Eating more protein
- E. Avoiding fluid intake 1 hour before and after meals
Correct Answer: A,B,C,E
Rationale: If the nausea or anorexia is not a result of toxicity but an adverse reaction to the drug, use nursing measures to help control the reactions. Offer frequent small meals rather than three large meals. Restricting fluids at meals and avoiding fluids 1 hour before and after meals help to control nausea. Helping the patient to maintain good oral hygiene by brushing teeth or rinsing the mouth after ingesting food will also help with nausea.
Before administering a cardiotonic drug to a client, which of the following would be most important for the nurse to assess? Select all that apply.
- A. Apical-radial pulse rate
- B. Respiratory rate
- C. Urinalysis
- D. Weight measurement
- E. Blood pressure
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: Preadministration physical assessment should include assessment of the apical-radial pulse rate, respiratory rate, weight, and blood pressure to establish a baseline for comparison. Assessing the client's urine is not required.
A nurse is preparing to administer a prescribed cardiotonic to a client. The nurse understands that the drug is being administered to achieve which of the following? Select all that apply.
- A. Improved myocardial contractility
- B. Increased myocardial efficiency
- C. Increased blood pressure
- D. Increased peripheral edema
- E. Improved profusion to all body tissues
Correct Answer: A,B,E
Rationale: Cardiotonics are drugs used to increase the efficiency and improve the contraction of the heart muscle, which leads to improved blood flow to all tissues of the body.
A client is receiving maintenance therapy with digoxin. The nurse understands that which form would be used? Select all that apply.
- A. Capsule
- B. Injection
- C. Ointment
- D. Patch
- E. Tablet
Correct Answer: A,E
Rationale: Capsules and tablets are used for maintenance therapy, injections are used for rapid digitalization, and digoxin patches and ointment do not exist.
A nurse is preparing to administer a cardiotonic drug via IM injection based on the understanding of which of the following about this route? Select all that apply.
- A. Appropriate when IV access is not available
- B. Site massage necessary after injection
- C. Not the recommended parenteral route
- D. Amount given no more than 2 \mathrm{~mL}
- E. Injection deep into the muscle
Correct Answer: A,B,D,E
Rationale: IM injection is not recommended for cardiotonic drugs yet, but they may be given as an IM injection when needed urgently and no IV access is available. When administering a cardiotonic drug IM, the nurse should give the injection deep in the muscle and follow with massage to the site. No more than 2 \mathrm{~mL} should be injected IM.