Nokea
Which of the following lab values is associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease?
- A. high HDL cholesterol
- B. low HDL cholesterol
- C. low total cholesterol
- D. low triglycerides
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is high HDL cholesterol. High HDL cholesterol levels are associated with a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease because HDL helps remove LDL cholesterol from the arteries, reducing plaque buildup. Low HDL cholesterol (choice B) is actually associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease. Low total cholesterol (choice C) or low triglycerides (choice D) are not indicators of a decreased risk of cardiovascular disease; in fact, extremely low total cholesterol levels may indicate other health issues.
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When a client needs oxygen therapy, what is the highest flow rate that oxygen can be delivered via nasal cannula?
- A. 2 liters/minute
- B. 4 liters/minute
- C. 6 liters/minute
- D. 8 liters/minute
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is 6 liters/minute. When a client needs oxygen therapy, the highest flow rate that oxygen can be delivered via nasal cannula is 6 liters/minute. Higher flow rates must be delivered by a mask. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because they suggest flow rates that exceed what can be effectively delivered through a nasal cannula.
At what point in the nurse-client relationship should termination first be addressed?
- A. in the working phase
- B. in the termination phase
- C. in the orientation phase
- D. when the client initially brings up the topic
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Termination in the nurse-client relationship should first be addressed in the orientation phase. This is because the client has a right to know the parameters of the relationship from the beginning. During the orientation phase, it is important to discuss if the relationship is time-limited, inform the client about the number of sessions, or explain that it is open-ended with the termination date to be negotiated later. Addressing termination in the orientation phase helps establish transparency and clear communication. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because termination discussions should ideally start at the beginning of the relationship to set appropriate expectations.
Which of the following is an indication for electroencephalography?
- A. paralysis
- B. neuropathy
- C. seizure disorder
- D. myocardial infarction
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: 'seizure disorder.' Electroencephalography is used to assess clients with seizure disorders by recording the brain's electrical activity. Seizure disorder is a primary indication for an EEG as it helps in diagnosing and managing seizure activity. Paralysis (choice A) is not typically an indication for an EEG as it relates to loss of muscle function rather than brain activity. Neuropathy (choice B) involves nerve damage and is not directly assessed by an EEG. Myocardial infarction (choice D) is related to heart issues and is not a condition that an EEG is used to diagnose.
What should be the primary action for a client who has just vomited 300 cc of bright red blood?
- A. Document the vomiting.
- B. Increase IV fluids.
- C. Get a complete blood count.
- D. Check the blood pressure.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct first action for a client who has just vomited 300 cc of bright red blood is to check the blood pressure. This assessment is crucial to evaluate for hypotension, which could indicate significant blood loss and the need for immediate intervention. Documenting the vomiting is important for the client's medical record but not the initial priority. Increasing IV fluids and getting a complete blood count are necessary steps but should follow the assessment of the client's hemodynamic status.
A young boy is recently diagnosed with a seizure disorder. Which of the following statements by the boy's mother indicates a need for further teaching by the nurse?
- A. "I should make sure he gets plenty of rest."?
- B. "I should get him a medical alert bracelet."?
- C. "I should lay him on his back during a seizure."?
- D. "I should loosen his clothing during a seizure."?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is '"I should lay him on his back during a seizure."?' When a client is having a seizure, it is crucial to turn them onto their side to prevent aspiration of secretions. Placing them on their back can lead to potential airway compromise. Choices A, B, and D are correct statements that indicate a good understanding of caring for a child with a seizure disorder: ensuring rest, getting a medical alert bracelet for identification, and loosening clothing to facilitate breathing during a seizure.