Nokea
Which of the following lifestyle factors is the strongest predictor of stroke risk?
- A. cigarette smoking
- B. alcohol consumption
- C. taking illicit drugs
- D. obesity
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Cigarette smoking is a major risk factor for stroke, as it contributes to the development of atherosclerosis (narrowing and hardening of arteries) and increases the likelihood of blood clots. Quitting smoking significantly reduces stroke risk.
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The patient with multiple sclerosis tells the nursing assistant that after physical therapy she is too tired to take a bath. What is your priority nursing diagnosis at this time?
- A. Fatigue related to disease state
- B. Activity Intolerance due to generalized weakness
- C. Impaired Physical Mobility related to neuromuscular impairment
- D. Self-care Deficit related to fatigue and neuromuscular weakness
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Fatigue is a common symptom in MS and is directly indicated by the patient's statement.
The muscular wasting (hypotrophy) usually develops with disease in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. caudate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron is the correct answer because damage to these neurons directly affects the muscles they innervate, leading to atrophy, weakness, and loss of reflexes. This occurs due to the disruption of the neural connection between the spinal cord and the muscle, resulting in denervation and subsequent muscle wasting.
A patient arrived in the ER with a head injury. She is unconscious. The physician and a fellow nurse are the only staff members near the patient. Her husband begins to criticize the attending physician and suggest that a different physician should care for this patient. What is the best response?
- A. Report the nurse to the attending physician.
- B. Call the nurse away from the patient and remind him that the patient can still hear even if unconscious.
- C. Ask the nurse why he has such feelings.
- D. Simply nod your head in agreement.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Unconscious patients can still perceive their surroundings; thus, maintaining professional communication is important.
A dermatome is
- A. ?
- B. separated from a discontinuous dermatome by an axial line
- C. ?
- D. ?
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Dermatomes are regions of skin supplied by sensory fibers from a single spinal nerve. Axial lines separate dermatomes that are supplied by discontinuous spinal nerves.
The patient with osteoporosis had a spontaneous hip fracture. How should the nurse document this before the x-ray results return?
- A. Open fracture
- B. Oblique fracture
- C. Pathologic fracture
- D. Greenstick fracture
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Pathologic fractures occur due to weakened bone structure, such as in osteoporosis.