Nokea
The first priority of care of the patient with a new fracture includes assessing
- A. Respiratory rate and effort, pulse.
- B. The fracture site for bleeding.
- C. For signs of infection at the wound site of an open fracture.
- D. For circulation and sensation distal to the fracture site.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Assessing circulation and sensation ensures no neurovascular compromise has occurred due to the fracture.
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The muscular wasting (hypotrophy) usually develops with disease in:
- A. upper motor neuron
- B. lower motor neuron
- C. cerebellar
- D. caudate
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Lower motor neuron is the correct answer because damage to these neurons directly affects the muscles they innervate, leading to atrophy, weakness, and loss of reflexes. This occurs due to the disruption of the neural connection between the spinal cord and the muscle, resulting in denervation and subsequent muscle wasting.
Following administration of 1.5 g of methocarbamol (Robaxin), which of the following statements by Mrs. Iris would inform the nurse that the medication was effective?
- A. I was thirsty after that medication.
- B. I have been urinating a lot today.
- C. Those awful muscle spasms have let up.
- D. The swelling in my leg seems to have gone down.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Methocarbamol is a muscle relaxant; relief from muscle spasms indicates effectiveness.
Which of the following receptors does not span the cell membrane 7 times
- A. beta-Adrenergic receptor
- B. Rhodopsin
- C. 5-HTic receptor
- D. Mineralocorticoid receptor
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The mineralocorticoid receptor is an intracellular receptor that does not span the cell membrane. It belongs to the steroid hormone receptor family and acts as a transcription factor after binding to its ligand. In contrast, beta-adrenergic receptors, rhodopsin, 5-HTic receptors, and LH receptors are G-protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) that span the membrane seven times.
Treatment of the patient with antidepressants will most likely do what?
- A. Improve cognitive function
- B. Not alter the course of either condition
- C. Cause interactions with the drugs used to treat the dementia
- D. Be contraindicated because of the central nervous system (CNS)€“depressant effect of antidepressants
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Antidepressants do not alter the progression of dementia
The nurse is assisting as a neurosurgeon examines a patient who has a positive Babinski reflex. What assessment finding should the nurse expect to observe?
- A. The leg flexes when the patellar tendon is struck.
- B. The leg extends when the patellar tendon is struck.
- C. The big toe extends when the sole of the foot is stroked.
- D. Toes curl downward when the sole of the foot is stroked.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: A positive Babinski reflex, indicative of neurological dysfunction, involves extension of the big toe and fanning of the other toes when the sole of the foot is stroked. Flexion or extension of the leg is associated with other reflexes. Recognizing a positive Babinski reflex is important for assessing upper motor neuron lesions.