Nokea
Which of the following ligaments that support the uterus is a single ligament?
- A. Broad
- B. Posterior
- C. Round
- D. Uterosacral
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The posterior ligament is a single ligament supporting the uterus.
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The division of the uterine tube that has an outer margin that resembles a fringe is called the:
- A. Isthmus
- B. Ampulla
- C. Infundibulum
- D. Oviduct
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The infundibulum has fimbriae, which resemble a fringe at its outer margin.
A 28-year-old patient presents with recurrent urinary tract infections and continuous wet sensation in her undergarments. On examination, the provider observes leaking of urine noted in the vagina. What structural disorder of the female reproductive system is most likely responsible for this condition?
- A. pelvic floor prolapse
- B. DES exposure
- C. vaginal septum
- D. bladder fistula
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bladder fistula. A bladder fistula is an abnormal connection between the bladder and another organ, leading to urine leakage into the vagina. In this case, the continuous wet sensation and urine leakage observed in the vagina indicate a communication between the bladder and the vagina. Pelvic floor prolapse (choice A) can cause urinary incontinence but does not involve direct leakage of urine into the vagina. DES exposure (choice B) is associated with reproductive tract abnormalities but not specifically with urinary incontinence. A vaginal septum (choice C) is a congenital condition where the vagina is divided by a septum, which would not directly cause urine leakage into the vagina.
When suspecting an ovarian cyst on the basis of abdominal pain, what other causes need to be ruled out due to the severity of the condition? Select all that apply.
- A. ectopic pregnancy
- B. inflamed appendix
- C. ovarian torsion
- D. submucosal fibroid
Correct Answer: A,B,C
Rationale: The correct answer is A, B, and C.
A: Ectopic pregnancy can present similarly to an ovarian cyst with abdominal pain. It is a life-threatening emergency due to the risk of rupture.
B: Inflamed appendix can mimic symptoms of an ovarian cyst, such as lower abdominal pain. Appendicitis can lead to serious complications without prompt treatment.
C: Ovarian torsion can cause sudden, severe abdominal pain similar to that of an ovarian cyst. It requires immediate medical attention to prevent ovarian damage or necrosis.
D: Submucosal fibroid is a benign growth in the uterus and would not typically cause symptoms that mimic an ovarian cyst.
The nurse is reviewing information in anticipation of providing education to her patient. What is an accurate statement about ovarian cancer?
- A. The symptoms of ovarian cancer are easy to detect because they are very specific to the disease process.
- B. The symptoms of ovarian cancer are difficult to detect because they are vague and nonspecific.
- C. There are no symptoms of ovarian cancer.
- D. There are screening tests available for ovarian cancer that make it easy to detect.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B because the symptoms of ovarian cancer are often vague and nonspecific, leading to challenges in early detection. Symptoms such as bloating, pelvic pain, difficulty eating, and frequent urination can be mistaken for other conditions. This lack of specific symptoms makes it difficult for individuals to recognize the signs of ovarian cancer. Choice A is incorrect because the symptoms are not easy to detect. Choice C is incorrect as ovarian cancer does present symptoms. Choice D is incorrect as there are no reliable screening tests for ovarian cancer, which contributes to the difficulty in early detection.
The normal testicular temperature necessary for its optimal functioning is around _______ below the normal body temperature:
- A. 2-3°C
- B. 4-5°C
- C. 33-36°C
- D. 31-34°C
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: 2-3°C below the normal body temperature. Testicles need to be slightly cooler than the body's normal temperature for optimal functioning. This slight decrease in temperature helps in maintaining the viability of sperm production. Choices B, C, and D are incorrect because a greater deviation from the body's normal temperature would be detrimental to sperm production. B: 4-5°C is too much of a decrease, while C: 33-36°C and D: 31-34°C are higher than the normal body temperature, which would hinder sperm production.