Biology Practice Test

Biology Practice Test Related

Review Biology Practice Test related questions and content

Which of the following makes it possible to predict the genotype and phenotype of the offspring of sexual reproduction?

  • A. Punnett square
  • B. Chi-square
  • C. Microscope
  • D. None of these
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The correct answer is A, Punnett square. A Punnett square is a tool specifically designed to predict the genotype and phenotype combinations of offspring resulting from a particular cross or breeding experiment. It helps in understanding the probability of different genotypes and phenotypes appearing in the offspring. Choice B, Chi-square, is a statistical test used to determine if there is a significant difference between the expected frequencies and the observed frequencies in a study. Choice C, Microscope, is used for viewing tiny structures and organisms, not for predicting genetic outcomes. Choice D, None of these, is incorrect as Punnett square is a valid tool for predicting genetic outcomes in offspring.

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Which of the following is a group of three RNA nucleotides?

  • A. A stop codon
  • B. A codon
  • C. An anticodon
  • D. tRNA
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B - A codon. A codon is a sequence of three RNA nucleotides that specifies a particular amino acid or a stop signal during protein synthesis. Choice A, a stop codon, is a sequence of three nucleotides that signals the termination of protein synthesis. Choice C, an anticodon, is a group of three nucleotides found in tRNA that pairs with the complementary codon in mRNA. Choice D, tRNA, stands for transfer RNA, which is a type of RNA that carries amino acids to the ribosome during protein synthesis.

What function does cholesterol, a phospholipid, serve within the cell membrane?

  • A. It builds up fats to make the structure more flexible
  • B. It allows protein channels to form
  • C. It makes the structure very rigid and impermeable
  • D. It stabilizes the membrane structure
Correct Answer: D

Rationale: Cholesterol helps to maintain the fluidity and stability of the cell membrane by fitting between the phospholipid molecules. Choice A is incorrect because cholesterol does not build up fats in the cell membrane. Choice B is incorrect as protein channels are formed by proteins, not cholesterol. Choice C is incorrect as cholesterol actually helps regulate the fluidity of the membrane, making it less rigid and more permeable.

Which of the following is not one of the four nitrogenous bases that make up the DNA structure?

  • A. Adenine
  • B. Guanine
  • C. Uracil
  • D. Thymine
Correct Answer: C

Rationale: The correct answer is C: Uracil. Uracil is found in RNA, not DNA. The four nitrogenous bases in DNA are adenine, thymine, cytosine, and guanine. Choice A, Adenine, is a nitrogenous base in DNA. Choice B, Guanine, is another nitrogenous base in DNA. Choice D, Thymine, is also one of the four nitrogenous bases in DNA. Therefore, the correct answer is Uracil (Choice C).

Which of the following is responsible for the synthesis of carbohydrates, lipids, and steroid hormones?

  • A. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • B. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
  • C. Golgi apparatus
  • D. Ribosomes
Correct Answer: A

Rationale: The smooth endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is the correct answer. It is responsible for the synthesis of lipids, including steroids, and also plays a role in carbohydrate metabolism. The rough endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is involved in protein synthesis and processing, not lipid or carbohydrate synthesis. The Golgi apparatus is responsible for modifying, sorting, and packaging of proteins and lipids, but not for their synthesis. Ribosomes are the cellular organelles responsible for protein synthesis, not lipid or carbohydrate synthesis.

During which stage of mitosis do the chromosomes gather on either side of the separating cell?

  • A. Metaphase
  • B. Telophase
  • C. Anaphase
  • D. Prophase
Correct Answer: B

Rationale: The correct answer is B, Telophase. During telophase, the chromosomes gather at opposite poles of the cell as the nuclear envelopes start to form around them, indicating the end of cell division. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because during metaphase, the chromosomes align in the middle of the cell; in anaphase, the chromosomes separate and move towards opposite poles; and in prophase, the chromosomes condense and the nuclear envelope breaks down, respectively.

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