Nokea
Which of the following measuring systems used in drug preparation and delivery uses the gram as the basic unit of solid measure?
- A. Metric system
- B. Apothecary system
- C. Household system
- D. Avoirdupois system
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The metric system is the most widely used system of measurement and is based on the decimal system. The gram is the basic unit of solid measure and the liter is the basic unit of liquid measure. The apothecary system uses the grain as the basic unit of solid measure. The household system uses the pound as the basic unit of measure. The avoirdupois system uses ounces and grains but is mostly used by drug manufacturers for bulk medications.
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The following can be used for diabetes mellitus:
- A. Desmoporesine
- B. Insuline preparations
- C. Chlorpropamide
- D. Metformin
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin, chlorpropamide, metformin, and acarbose (B, C, D, E) are all used for diabetes management.
The nurse, providing patient teaching about home medication use to an older adult, explains that even when drugs are taken properly they can produce negative or unexpected effects. What are these negative or unexpected effects called?
- A. Teratogenic effects
- B. Toxic effects
- C. Adverse effects
- D. Therapeutic effects
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Negative or unexpected effects are known as adverse or side effects. Teratogenic effects are adverse effects on the fetus and not a likely concern for an older adult. Toxic effects occur when medication is taken in larger than recommended dosages caused by an increase in serum drug levels. Therapeutic effects are the desired actions for which the medication is prescribed.
The nurse promotes optimal drug effectiveness by doing what? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Incorporate basic history and physical assessment factors into the plan of care.
- B. Evaluate the effectiveness of drugs after they have been administered.
- C. Modify the drug regimen to modify adverse or intolerable effects.
- D. Minimize the number of medications administered to patients.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Incorporate basic history and physical assessment factors into any plan of care so that obvious problems can be identified and handled promptly. If a drug simply does not do what it is expected to do, further examine the factors that are known to influence drug effects. Frequently, the drug regimen can be modified to deal with that influence. Minimizing the number of medications administered is usually not an option because each drug is ordered for a reason of necessity for the patient.
Which one of the following statements is NOT true of warfarin?
- A. It is extensively 99% bound to plasma albumin
- B. Its use in pregnant women is contraindicated because it is teratogenic
- C. It is active in vitro
- D. Its induced bleeding can be conteracted by treatment with phytonadione
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Warfarin acts in vivo by inhibiting vitamin K epoxide reductase, not in vitro; thus, is false.
A nurse is preparing a presentation for a group of nurses about actions that nurses can do to help prevent drug errors. Which of the following would the nurse include? Select one that does not apply
- A. Rechecking all calculations
- B. Always administering the drug before answering any of the client's questions
- C. Avoiding distractions and concentrating on only one task at a time
- D. Confirming any questionable orders
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: In addition to following the five +1 rights of drug administration, a nurse can employ the following strategies to aid in the prevention of drug errors: confirm any questionable orders; when calculations are necessary, verify them with another nurse; listen to the client when he or she questions a drug, the dosage, or the drug regimen; never administer the drug until the client's questions have been adequately researched; and avoid distractions and concentrate on only one task at a time.