Nokea
Which of the following mental health disorders commonly occurs in older adults?
- A. Personality disorder
- B. Depression
- C. Somatoform disorder
- D. Schizophrenia
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Personality disorders are lifelong, not age-specific. Depression is prevalent in older adults due to health and social changes. Somatoform disorders aren’t age-specific. Schizophrenia onset is earlier, not typical in later life.
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A client is given the diagnosis of generalized anxiety disorder and is prescribed a benzodiazepine. The client should be instructed on which of the following?
- A. Monthly laboratory tests are needed to monitor drug level.
- B. Foods that contain tyramine should be avoided
- C. Benzodiazepines do not cause physical dependence.
- D. Benzodiazepines and alcohol can be dangerous
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Lab tests aren’t routine for benzodiazepines. Tyramine avoidance applies to MAOIs, not benzodiazepines. Benzodiazepines can cause dependence, so that’s false. Combining benzodiazepines with alcohol increases CNS depression, posing risks like respiratory failure, making it critical to instruct the client on this danger.
A nurse in an assisted-living facility is caring for a client who is in early stages of dementia. The client has been oriented to name and place and is usually cooperative. Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate if the client refuses to take morning medications?
- A. Notify the charge nurse of the need for evaluation of the client's level of competence.
- B. Ask the client to express her reasons for refusing the morning medications and document the event.
- C. Crush the pills, if not contraindicated, and hide them in the client's applesauce.
- D. Try to talk the client into adherence by telling her the possible implications of missing a dose.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Competence evaluation follows understanding refusal. Asking reasons respects autonomy and informs care. Crushing pills without consent is unethical and risky. Coercion dismisses client rights; understanding is better.
A client with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) is prescribed buspirone (BuSpar). Which information regarding side effects should be given to the client?
- A. The medication may cause cardiac arrest.
- B. Drink adequate amounts of fluid to prevent constipation
- C. The medication will not affect your vision.
- D. The risk of sedation is increased with this medication.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Cardiac arrest is not a common side effect of buspirone; it’s a rare and extreme outcome not typically associated with this medication. Buspirone can cause gastrointestinal side effects like constipation, so advising the client to drink adequate fluids helps mitigate this risk and supports overall health. There is no evidence that buspirone significantly affects vision as a common side effect, but this isn’t the most critical information to share. Buspirone is less sedating compared to other anxiolytics like benzodiazepines, so warning about increased sedation would be inaccurate.
A client describes flashbacks of a terrifying car crash in which he saw his best friend die. Which disorder should the nurse suspect in this situation?
- A. Panic disorder
- B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder
- C. Posttraumatic stress disorder
- D. Agoraphobia
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Panic disorder involves unexpected and repeated episodes of intense fear, often without a specific trigger, and isn’t typically linked to flashbacks. Obsessive-compulsive disorder is characterized by unwanted repeated thoughts (obsessions) and actions (compulsions), not trauma-related flashbacks. PTSD involves re-experiencing a traumatic event through flashbacks and nightmares, directly matching the client’s symptoms of reliving the car crash. Agoraphobia is an anxiety disorder involving fear of places or situations that might cause panic, not tied to specific traumatic memories.
An elderly client with severe cardiovascular disease is given the diagnosis of dementia. Which type of dementia does the client most likely have?
- A. Frontal
- B. Lewy body
- C. Alzheimer's
- D. Vascular dementia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Frontal (frontotemporal) dementia affects personality and behavior, not directly tied to cardiovascular issues. Lewy body dementia involves protein deposits and symptoms like hallucinations, not primarily cardiovascular-related. Alzheimer’s is common but linked to neurodegenerative changes, not specifically cardiovascular disease. Vascular dementia results from impaired blood flow to the brain, often due to cardiovascular conditions, making it the most likely here.