Nokea
Which of the following models view disability as directly caused by disease or trauma?
- A. Social
- B. Nursing
- C. Medical
- D. Collaborative
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The medical model pins disability on disease or injury fix the body, fix the problem a view nurses use for acute hits. Social blames society's gaps; nursing, collaborative blend care angles, not cause. It's a chronic lens shift, body-first.
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Prescription of long term oxygen therapy has some very strict guidelines. In order to qualify for this treatment, the patient has to:
- A. Be admitted to hospital 3 times within a 12 month time frame with acute exacerbation of COPD
- B. Demonstrate a significant impairment of QOL because of dyspnoea and decreased exercise capacity
- C. Have very high levels of anxiety which impact on their ability to self-manage and increase stress on carer
- D. Have a diagnosis of severe COPD with PaO2 of >55 mmHg, or evidence of tissue hypoxia and end organ damage
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: O2's lifeline demands proof severe COPD with PaO2 ≤55 mmHg or hypoxia's organ bite, a strict cut. Admissions, QOL dips, anxiety don't seal it hypoxemia does. Nurses gatekeep this, a chronic oxygen rule.
Which of the following interventions would be best for the child who has developed mucositis as a side effect of chemotherapy?
- A. Using lemon glycerin swabs for oral hygiene.
- B. Keeping the child NPO until all sores are healed.
- C. Having the child swish and swallow viscous lidocaine.
- D. Giving the child pudding for breakfast.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mucositis, a painful chemotherapy side effect, involves inflamed, ulcerated mucous membranes, often in the mouth, complicating eating and hygiene. Offering pudding a soft, bland, cool food is the best intervention, as it minimizes irritation and pain, encouraging nutrition without exacerbating sores. Lemon glycerin swabs are harsh, with citric acid and chemicals worsening discomfort and delaying healing. Keeping the child NPO (nothing by mouth) for weeks until sores heal is impractical and risks malnutrition, as mucositis can persist throughout chemotherapy. Viscous lidocaine might numb pain but is a last resort if the child refuses all intake, not a first-line comfort measure. Pudding supports hydration and calorie intake safely, aligning with nursing's goal to maintain nutrition and comfort in pediatric oncology, reducing mucositis-related distress effectively.
A general practitioner (GP) advises an overweight patient to go to the gym to work out. Question: This advice is an example of which type of prevention?
- A. Primary prevention
- B. Secondary prevention
- C. Tertiary prevention
- D. Quaternary prevention
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Gym nudge for overweight primary, stops diabetes before it starts, not screening or late fixes. Nurses push this, a chronic preemptive strike.
Which of the following is NOT involved with weight regulation?
- A. The hypothalamic arcuate nucleus (ARC)
- B. The lateral geniculate nucleus
- C. The lateral hypothalamic area
- D. The paraventricular nucleus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Weight's brain game ARC, lateral hypothalamus, paraventricular nucleus, and solitary tract tunes hunger, satiety, and energy via hormones and gut signals. The lateral geniculate nucleus, a vision hub, sits out, irrelevant to food's dance. Clinicians map this circuitry, targeting obesity's roots, a chronic fix sidestepping eyeballs.
Which animal is least associated with rabies?
- A. dogs
- B. skunks
- C. foxes
- D. rats
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rabies dogs, skunks, foxes, bats bite big; rats rarely tag along. Nurses eye this chronic zoonotic crew.