Nokea
Regarding infective endocarditis in an IVDU
- A. Usually presents with fever and respiratory symptoms
- B. Usually involves the mitral valve
- C. The commonest organism is staph epidermidis
- D. Negative blood cultures exclude the diagnosis
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IVDU endocarditis fever, lung emboli from tricuspid, not mitral, Staph aureus, cultures miss some. Nurses hear this chronic right-side roar.
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Cholesterol contributes to the pathogenesis and progression of NASH via which mechanism?
- A. Reduction of steatosis
- B. Increase of steatosis
- C. Increase of inflammation
- D. Increase of the feeling of satiety
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Cholesterol stokes NASH inflammation rises, not steatosis alone or satiety shifts. A chronic fire feeder nurses link this to liver woes.
The definition of Chronic Heart Failure is:
- A. Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body
- B. Long-term inability of the heart to meet metabolic demands required to maintain homeostasis
- C. Prolonged enlargement of the left ventricle impacting on the contractility of the muscle
- D. Long term fluid build-up, causing increase in blood volume and reducing the ability of the heart to maintain blood flow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic heart failure's essence long-term pump lag can't match body's metabolic needs, a homeostasis bust. Simple pump fail's vague; LV growth or fluid traps are bits, not the whole. Nurses grasp this, a chronic ticker's root.
A client is admitted with superior vena cava syndrome. What action by the nurse is most appropriate?
- A. Administer a dose of allopurinol (Aloprim).
- B. Assess the client's serum potassium level.
- C. Gently inquire about advance directives.
- D. Prepare the client for emergency surgery.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) occurs when cancer (often lung or lymphoma) obstructs the superior vena cava, impairing venous return from the head and upper body. It's often a late-stage manifestation with a poor prognosis, though treatable with radiation or stenting. After stabilizing the client (e.g., with oxygen, positioning), gently inquiring about advance directives is most appropriate, as it opens a compassionate discussion about goals of care amid a potentially terminal condition. Allopurinol and potassium levels relate to tumor lysis syndrome, not SVCS. Surgery is rare for SVCS, with non-invasive options preferred. This action respects the client's autonomy and prepares for realistic outcomes, aligning with oncology nursing's holistic approach to end-of-life care in advanced disease.
The nurse is arriving at the beginning of her shift and has taken report on four clients on a medical-surgical unit. Which client should the nurse see first?
- A. A client with pain that is two days post-operative from a prostatectomy
- B. A client ready for discharge education after treatment of an acute kidney injury
- C. A client with hypertension with a blood pressure of 172/92 mm Hg
- D. A client with a history of asthma complaining of increased dyspnea
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Asthma's increased dyspnea flags airway risk ABCs prioritize breathing, as bronchospasm could crash fast, needing nebulizers or oxygen. Post-op pain's manageable, discharge education waits, hypertension's high but stable. Nurses hit dyspnea first, ensuring airflow, a life-first call in this shift-start triage.
What is an important independent risk factor for the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus?
- A. Alcohol use
- B. Ethnicity
- C. Socioeconomic status
- D. All three options above
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Ethnicity stands tall South Asians, Hispanics outpace Caucasians in type 2 risk, genes and fat patterns at play. Alcohol's murky, socioeconomic status shapes access, not biology nurses see heritage trump these, a chronic marker needing tailored screens.