Nokea
A 58-year-old woman with chronic gout is visiting the dietitian and the correct dietary advice given is:
- A. To stop fried food and eat fish for better gout control
- B. To increase fructose drinks as it removes uric acid from urine
- C. Avoid soybeans and plant proteins
- D. Stop alcohol and reduce animal protein
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Gout diet cut booze, meat; fructose spikes uric, soy's fine, mushrooms hurt, cherries help. Nurses steer this chronic food fix.
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The definition of Chronic Heart Failure is:
- A. Failure of the heart to adequately pump blood to the body
- B. Long-term inability of the heart to meet metabolic demands required to maintain homeostasis
- C. Prolonged enlargement of the left ventricle impacting on the contractility of the muscle
- D. Long term fluid build-up, causing increase in blood volume and reducing the ability of the heart to maintain blood flow
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Chronic heart failure's essence long-term pump lag can't match body's metabolic needs, a homeostasis bust. Simple pump fail's vague; LV growth or fluid traps are bits, not the whole. Nurses grasp this, a chronic ticker's root.
For a patient who is experiencing side effects of radiation therapy, which task would be the most appropriate to delegate to the nursing assistant?
- A. Assist the patient to identify patterns of fatigue
- B. Recommend participation in a walking program
- C. Report the amount and type of food consumed from the tray
- D. Check the skin for redness and irritation after the treatment
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Radiation side effects like fatigue and anorexia benefit from team care. Reporting food consumed from the tray suits nursing assistants observing and relaying intake data supports nutrition monitoring without requiring clinical judgment. Identifying fatigue patterns demands analysis, a nurse's role to adjust care plans. Recommending exercise exceeds assistants' scope physicians or RNs initiate such advice. Checking skin for redness post-treatment needs assessment skills to detect burns or infection, RN territory. Food reporting leverages assistants' observational role, aiding nurses in tracking radiation's impact on appetite, ensuring basic needs are flagged efficiently in a collaborative approach.
Which of the following interventions would be best for the child who has developed mucositis as a side effect of chemotherapy?
- A. Using lemon glycerin swabs for oral hygiene.
- B. Keeping the child NPO until all sores are healed.
- C. Having the child swish and swallow viscous lidocaine.
- D. Giving the child pudding for breakfast.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Mucositis, a painful chemotherapy side effect, involves inflamed, ulcerated mucous membranes, often in the mouth, complicating eating and hygiene. Offering pudding a soft, bland, cool food is the best intervention, as it minimizes irritation and pain, encouraging nutrition without exacerbating sores. Lemon glycerin swabs are harsh, with citric acid and chemicals worsening discomfort and delaying healing. Keeping the child NPO (nothing by mouth) for weeks until sores heal is impractical and risks malnutrition, as mucositis can persist throughout chemotherapy. Viscous lidocaine might numb pain but is a last resort if the child refuses all intake, not a first-line comfort measure. Pudding supports hydration and calorie intake safely, aligning with nursing's goal to maintain nutrition and comfort in pediatric oncology, reducing mucositis-related distress effectively.
People with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes often show increased fasting blood glucose levels. Question: What causes these increased fasting blood glucose levels?
- A. Disturbed glucose uptake in adipose tissue due to insulin resistance
- B. Disturbed hepatic glucose uptake due to insulin resistance
- C. Disturbed suppression of hepatic glucose production by insulin
- D. Disturbed hepatic glucose uptake due to reduced insulin levels in portal blood
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Type 2's fasting high liver pumps glucose, insulin can't hush it, resistance rules. Fat uptake's small, liver uptake's not key production's the leak nurses target this, a chronic dawn gush.
The nurse is caring for a 65-year-old female who presented to the emergency department with shortness of breath and chest discomfort. The client has not been feeling well for the past few days and complains of a productive cough of blood-tinged sputum. Laboratory tests reveal an elevated brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), and chest x-ray reveals pulmonary congestion. Based on the assessment findings, which of the following diagnosis are consistent with these findings?
- A. Heart failure (left-sided)
- B. Lung cancer
- C. Heart failure (right-sided)
- D. Pulmonary embolism
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Elevated BNP and pulmonary congestion plus dyspnea, chest pain, hemoptysis point to left-sided heart failure, where ventricle falters, flooding lungs with fluid. Lung cancer might bleed but lacks BNP spike. Right-sided failure swells periphery, not lungs initially. Pulmonary embolism clots, not congests, with normal BNP. Nurses link this to left heart strain, anticipating diuretics, a diagnosis fitting this wet-lung picture.