Nokea
Interleukin-2 (IL-2) is used as adjuvant therapy for a patient with metastatic renal cell carcinoma. Which information should the nurse include when explaining the purpose of this therapy to the patient?
- A. IL-2 enhances the body's immunologic response to tumor cells.
- B. IL-2 prevents bone marrow depression caused by chemotherapy.
- C. IL-2 protects normal cells from harmful effects of chemotherapy.
- D. IL-2 stimulates malignant cells in the resting phase to enter mitosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: IL-2, a BRM, revs up immunity T-cells and NK cells to hunt renal cell carcinoma, a tumor responsive to this kick. It doesn't shield marrow or normal cells chemo's still rough. It's not pushing cancer mitosis that's chemo's gig. Nurses in oncology clarify this IL-2's an immune booster, a lifeline when mets rage, not a chemo sidekick.
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Foam cells are a prominent feature of atherosclerosis. Question: Foam cells develop as a result of which of the following options?
- A. Uptake of LDL in macrophages
- B. Uptake of LDL by LDL-R
- C. Uptake of ox-LDL by scavenger receptors
- D. Uptake of LDL by scavenger receptors
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Foam cells ox-LDL via scavenger receptors stuff macrophages, not plain LDL or LDL-R. Nurses see this, a chronic plaque birth.
Which of the following are the characteristics of masked hypertension?
- A. High home BP more than three days in a week
- B. Normal office BP and high home BP
- C. High office BP and normal home BP
- D. Normal office BP and normal home BP
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Masked hypertension hides normal office readings (<140/90) clash with high home BP (>135/85), dodging detection, yet hiking cardiovascular risk. High home BP alone lacks context; high office with normal home is white-coat hypertension. Normal both ways is healthy; high both is overt hypertension. This sneaky pattern demands home monitoring to unmask, as office calm misses real-world spikes, pushing clinicians to dig deeper for treatment, a silent chronic threat exposed by dual settings.
Diabetes mellitus can cause damage to the microvasculature and macrovasculature. Question: The microvasculature is involved in which of the following disorders?
- A. Nephropathy
- B. Retinopathy
- C. Polyneuropathy
- D. All answers are correct
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Diabetes' micro hits kidneys, eyes, nerves all bleed small, no dodge. Nurses track this, a chronic tiny vessel trio.
A client is receiving treatment for the diagnosis of hemophilia A. Which of the following is the most appropriate to include in the assessment of this client?
- A. Cranial nerves
- B. Appetite
- C. Joint pain and bruising
- D. Urine output
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Hemophilia A, a factor VIII deficiency, impairs clotting joint pain and bruising from hemarthrosis and bleeds are hallmark signs, demanding assessment to gauge bleeding severity and guide factor replacement. Cranial nerves check neurologic status, irrelevant unless bleeds hit the brain. Appetite or urine output offers general insight, not hemophilia-specific. Nurses zero in on joints and skin, tracking this genetic disorder's impact, critical for managing acute episodes and preventing long-term damage in this bleeding-prone client.
When educating a female client on the signs and symptoms of myocardial infarction, the nurse recognizes which of the following should be included in the teaching?
- A. Pain usually resolves with rest and relaxation
- B. Older adults and women often present with atypical signs and symptoms
- C. Women experience intermittent claudication
- D. Substernal chest pain is the most common symptom in women
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: MI in women skews odd fatigue, nausea, not just chest pain, hit older females especially, a teaching must as atypical signs delay care. Rest eases angina, not MI. Claudication's PAD, not heart. Substernal pain's common, less so in women. Nurses stress this quirk, boosting recognition in this sneaky killer.