Nokea
Which of the following nursing interventions are involved when caring for a client with influenza?
- A. Maintain airborne transmission precautions
- B. Complete bed rest
- C. Oxygen administration
- D. Immediate recognition of respiratory distress
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Immediate recognition of respiratory distress is vital in clients with influenza, especially those at risk of complications. A (airborne precautions) is unnecessary unless the client is immunocompromised. B (complete bed rest) is outdated practice. C (oxygen administration) is only needed if hypoxia is present.
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Most of the carbon dioxide produced by the body is transported to the lungs in
- A. a gaseous form
- B. blood plasma.
- C. potassium carbonate ions.
- D. bicarbonate ions.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: bicarbonate ions. When carbon dioxide is produced by the body, it combines with water in the blood to form carbonic acid. This carbonic acid then dissociates into bicarbonate ions and hydrogen ions. The majority of the carbon dioxide is transported in the blood as bicarbonate ions, which are more soluble and can easily travel to the lungs where they are converted back into carbon dioxide for exhalation. Choices A, B, and C are incorrect because carbon dioxide is primarily transported in the form of bicarbonate ions, not as a gas, in blood plasma, or as potassium carbonate ions.
In teaching a patient with hypertension about controlling the illness the nurse recognizes that?
- A. All patients with elevated BP need drug therapy.
- B. Obese persons must achieve a normal weight to lower BP.
- C. It is not necessary to limit salt in the diet if taking a diuretic.
- D. Lifestyle modifications are needed for all persons with elevated BP.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Rationale:
D is correct because lifestyle modifications, such as exercise and diet changes, are essential for managing hypertension. This approach can help lower blood pressure without the need for drug therapy. A is incorrect because not all patients with elevated BP require medication. B is incorrect as weight loss is beneficial but not the only factor in controlling BP. C is incorrect because limiting salt intake remains important even if taking a diuretic.
Which chamber of the heart is most commonly affected in heart failure?
- A. Left atrium
- B. Right atrium
- C. Left ventricle
- D. Right ventricle
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Left ventricle. The left ventricle is the chamber responsible for pumping oxygenated blood to the rest of the body, making it the most commonly affected in heart failure. When the left ventricle weakens or becomes stiff, it can lead to inefficient pumping, causing fluid buildup and symptoms of heart failure. The other choices, A: Left atrium, B: Right atrium, and D: Right ventricle, are less commonly affected in heart failure as they have different functions in the heart's circulation.
What is the name given to the respiratory ailment in which the bronchioles constrict severely?
- A. pleurisy
- B. emphysema
- C. bronchitis
- D. asthma
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D: asthma. Asthma is a respiratory ailment characterized by severe constriction of the bronchioles due to inflammation and muscle contraction. This leads to difficulty breathing and wheezing. Pleurisy (A) is inflammation of the lining of the lungs, emphysema (B) is a long-term lung disease, and bronchitis (C) is inflammation of the bronchial tubes. Asthma specifically refers to the bronchioles constriction, making it the correct choice.
A patient with a history of smoking two packs of cigarettes a day for the past 20 years says that he is not alarmed by his cough. He says, "I get this cough and spit up mucus every winter." The nurse recognizes these symptoms as being suggestive of:
- A. Chronic bronchitis.
- B. Emphysema.
- C. Sarcoidosis.
- D. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Chronic bronchitis. The patient's history of smoking for 20 years and persistent cough with mucus production every winter are indicative of chronic bronchitis. Chronic bronchitis is characterized by inflammation of the bronchial tubes due to irritants like smoking, leading to excessive mucus production and persistent cough. Emphysema is characterized by destruction of lung tissue, not necessarily accompanied by mucus production. Sarcoidosis is a systemic inflammatory disease affecting multiple organs, not specifically related to the symptoms described. Diffuse interstitial fibrosis involves scarring of lung tissue, typically presenting with a dry, non-productive cough.