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Which of the following nursing statements, made to the client, provides an example of a broad opening?
- A. Wow, the weather is looking nice outside.
- B. Would you like your pills whole or cut in half?
- C. So you live in a ranch-style home with a bathroom off your bedroom.
- D. Oh, your daughter lives within walking distance of your home.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: A broad opening is intended to open communication on a common topic and relieve tension. Focusing on the weather provides that common topic to initiate communication. Further communication and specific topics flow from this point. Inquiring about medication administration is on a specific topic and in need of a specific response. The other options deal with specific topic points presented during a discussion.
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Advocacy and support are activities associated with which learning style?
- A. Cognitive
- B. Cultural
- C. Psychomotor
- D. Affective
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The affective learner learns best when presented with information that appeals to feelings, beliefs, and values. Cognitive learners process information best by listening to or reading facts and descriptions. The psychomotor learner prefers to learn by doing. There is no learning style classified as cultural.
The charge nurse delegates the administration of a pain medication to a practical nurse. Which statement, made by the charge nurse, indicates that the final step in the delegation process has been completed?
- A. Did you document the administration of the pain medication on the medication record?
- B. Is the physician aware of the client's need for pain medication?
- C. What is the client's pain level since administering the pain medication 30 minutes ago?
- D. Have you ever administered this type of pain medication previously?
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The final step in the delegation process is to ensure that the task has been completed and determine the resulting outcome of the action. In this case, it is ensuring the medication is given and assessing for pain relief. The other steps may be completed in the delegation process, but they are not completed last.
An experienced nurse is evaluating a new nurse to the unit who is providing discharge instructions to an adult client. The experienced nurse views the following: The new nurse approaches and decreases the volume on the television and then sits beside the client, presenting the information to the client and spouse. The new nurse states, 'You are to take ciprofloxacin 250 mg, two tablets b.i.d. A regular diet is ordered, and you are to follow up with your physician in 2 weeks. Here is printed information on the medication ordered.' The new nurse obtains appropriate signatures and leaves. Which point would the experienced nurse address?
- A. The nurse should use shorter sentences when teaching.
- B. The nurse should improve professionalism and stand.
- C. The nurse should minimize medical terms when teaching.
- D. The nurse should continue with the same method without changes.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: When teaching adult clients, it is best to minimize technical terms and medical jargon ('b.i.d.' for example) whenever able. The nurse used appropriate sentence length. Sitting beside the client is appropriate, and it is best to reduce noise and distraction by decreasing the volume of the television. With minimal change, the new nurse can improve with teaching skills.
The nurse cares for multiple ethnic populations. Which of the following examples best demonstrates a facility adhering to The Joint Commission requirements that healthcare workers facilitate communication with all clients?
- A. The facility requires a family member of a client who does not speak the dominant language be present to discuss healthcare issues with a health care provider and member of social service.
- B. Language dictionaries are placed in the facility library with open access for staff.
- C. The facility requests bilingual staff and community members to voluntarily provide contact information for interpreter services.
- D. The facility subscribes to an online interpreting service.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: It is a requirement of The Joint Commission that agencies develop a system to provide aids and services to any client with literacy needs and also to provide language interpreting and translation services. The best way to demonstrate this requirement is by reaching out to staff and community members to provide personal interpreting services. It is not appropriate to require a family member, if available, to be present. The other options may be helpful in communicating with clients, but personal services are optimal.
Which of the following teaching scenarios best illustrates the nurse providing informal teaching on a low-sodium diet?
- A. The nurse discusses dietary guidelines while the client watches a cooking show on television.
- B. The nurse, client, and spouse review dietary orders on the discharge instructions.
- C. The nurse and client discuss the sodium contained in prepared canned soup.
- D. The nurse and client meet with a dietitian to discuss ways of limiting sodium.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Informal teaching is unplanned and occurs spontaneously such as when the client is watching television and a teaching moment occurs. The remaining options involve formal teaching to meet the goal of dietary teaching on a low-sodium diet.