Nokea
Which of the following nutrients is absorbed in the stomach?
- A. vitamins
- B. water
- C. proteins
- D. carbohydrates
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: water. Water is the only nutrient that is absorbed in the stomach. The stomach mainly digests food using stomach acid and enzymes, but absorption of nutrients primarily occurs in the small intestine. Vitamins are absorbed in the small intestine, proteins are broken down in the stomach and further digested in the small intestine, and carbohydrates are primarily broken down and absorbed in the small intestine. Water, on the other hand, can be absorbed in the stomach through osmosis due to its small molecular size and the presence of aquaporins in the stomach lining.
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Pancreatitis is mainly the result of _____ activity.
- A. bile
- B. bacterial
- C. carboxypeptidase
- D. trypsin
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Pancreatitis is mainly the result of trypsin activity. Trypsin is an enzyme produced by the pancreas to aid in digestion. When trypsin becomes activated within the pancreas itself, it can lead to the digestion of pancreatic tissue and cause inflammation, leading to pancreatitis. Bile (A) and bacterial (B) activities are not primary causes of pancreatitis. Carboxypeptidase (C) is another pancreatic enzyme, but its activity does not play a significant role in causing pancreatitis compared to trypsin.
You are caring for a client with a nasogastric (NG) tube. Which task can be delegated to the experienced nursing assistant?
- A. Remove the NG tube per physician order.
- B. Secure the tape if the client accidentally dislodges the tube.
- C. Disconnect the suction to allow ambulation to the toilet.
- D. Reconnect the suction after the client has ambulated.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Securing the tape is a non-invasive task within the scope of a nursing assistant. Removing or reconnecting requires nursing assessment and should be done by licensed staff.
During a morning assessment, the nurse observes that a patient displays bulging flanks when supine with the knees flexeWhich action should the nurse take next?
- A. Measure the patient's abdominal girth.
- B. Auscultate each quadrant of the abdomen for 5 minutes.
- C. Document the finding.
- D. Notify the charge nurse.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: The correct answer is A: Measure the patient's abdominal girth. Bulging flanks could indicate ascites, which is an abnormal accumulation of fluid in the abdominal cavity. Measuring the abdominal girth can help assess for the presence and severity of ascites. This step is important for further evaluation and monitoring of the patient's condition. Auscultating the abdomen for 5 minutes (choice B) would not address the potential underlying issue of ascites. Simply documenting the finding (choice C) without further assessment could delay necessary interventions. Notifying the charge nurse (choice D) is premature without completing a thorough assessment first.
To prevent gastroesophageal reflux in a male client with a hiatal hernia, the nurse should provide which of the following discharge instructions?
- A. "Lie down after meals to promote digestion."
- B. "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages."
- C. "Take antacids with meals."
- D. "Limit fluid intake with meals."
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: "Avoid coffee and alcoholic beverages." This is because both coffee and alcohol can relax the lower esophageal sphincter, leading to increased likelihood of gastroesophageal reflux.
A: "Lie down after meals" can worsen reflux symptoms as gravity helps keep stomach contents down.
C: "Take antacids with meals" may provide temporary relief but does not address the underlying cause of reflux.
D: "Limit fluid intake with meals" can help reduce bloating but has no direct impact on preventing reflux.
Which of the following dietary interventions should a nurse consider after the removal of the nasogastric tube in a client who has undergone surgery for a liver disorder?
- A. Provide small sips of clear liquids
- B. Provide small sips of fruit juice or soup
- C. Provide small meal of soft foods
- D. Provide meal of protein-rich foods
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: After NG tube removal, clear liquids are introduced first to assess tolerance and prevent nausea or complications.