Nokea
Which of the following opportunistic illnesses are a sign that a patient with HIV now has AIDS? Select all that apply.
- A. Stomach ulcers
- B. Symptomatic tuberculosis
- C. Toxoplasmosis of the brain
- D. Osteoporosis
- E. Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia
Correct Answer: B,C,E
Rationale: Symptomatic tuberculosis, Toxoplasmosis of the brain, and Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia are AIDS-defining conditions indicating advanced HIV disease.
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The nurse is caring for a client with a central venous catheter (CVC). The nurse knows which of the following is a common symptom of Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infections (CLABSI)?
- A. Diarrhea
- B. Fever and chills
- C. Productive cough
- D. Muscle spasms
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Fever and chills are hallmark symptoms of CLABSI, indicating a systemic infection originating from the catheter site.
The following scenario applies to the next 1 items
The nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Item 1 of 1
Nurses Note
Medications
23-year-old client following up after initiating antiretrovirals for newly diagnosed HIV infection. The client reports nausea and vomiting if he does not take the medication with meals. He recently joined a support group to help with his coping. His laboratory results are pending. The client reports full adherence to the prescribed medication-reinforced education on the medication, dosing, and side effects
The client should be taught that the overall treatment goal for HIV is to
- A. increase the CD4/CD8 count
- B. raise the level of folic acid
- C. increase production of hemoglobin
- D. lower the viral load (VL)
Correct Answer: A,D
Rationale: The primary goals of HIV treatment are to increase CD4 counts (improving immune function) and lower the viral load to undetectable levels to prevent disease progression.
The nurse is interviewing a client who wants to anonymously test themselves for the human immunodeficiency (HIV) virus. The nurse should recommend which type of testing?
- A. HIV home self testing
- B. Rapid testing at the primary healthcare providers (PHCPs) office
- C. Inpatient antibody testing
- D. Community health fair rapid testing
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: HIV home self-testing allows for anonymity and convenience, aligning with the client's preference for privacy.
The nurse is triaging a client who reports recent international travel. The primary healthcare provider (PHCP) suspects the client may have severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS). The nurse should initially
- A. place the client on contact and airborne precautions.
- B. obtain blood, urine, and sputum for culture.
- C. prepare the client for a chest radiograph (x-ray).
- D. infuse 0.9 saline at 100mL/hr.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: SARS requires contact and airborne precautions to prevent transmission due to its respiratory spread.
The nurse is performing an assessment on a client suspected of having Lyme disease. Which assessment finding would support the diagnosis of Lyme disease?
- A. chancre lesions
- B. petechial rash
- C. nuchal rigidity
- D. arthralgia
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Arthralgia (joint pain) is a common symptom of Lyme disease, particularly in early disseminated stages.