Nokea
Which of the following parts of neuron transmits impulses away from the cell body?
- A. Dendrite
- B. Neurolemma
- C. Axon
- D. Synapse
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The axon is the part of the neuron that transmits impulses away from the cell body. It is a long, slender extension of the neuron that conducts electrical signals known as action potentials to other cells. Dendrites, on the other hand, receive signals from other neurons and transmit them to the cell body. The neurolemma is a layer of cells surrounding the axon that facilitates nerve regeneration. The synapse is the junction between two neurons where signals are transmitted through neurotransmitters.
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Which of the ff is a sign of urinary retention in older adults with a neurologic deficit?
- A. Amnesia
- B. Hypertension
- C. Hypotension
- D. A behaviour change
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Urinary retention in older adults with a neurologic deficit can lead to a behavior change. This change may manifest as increased restlessness, agitation, or discomfort. It is important to be vigilant for any sudden alterations in behavior as they may indicate underlying complications such as urinary retention, which can be more challenging to identify in older individuals who may have difficulty communicating their symptoms clearly. Monitoring for behavior changes can help healthcare providers promptly address and manage urinary retention in these individuals.
Which of the following nursing actions is appropriate when a patient returns to his or her room after a bronchoscopy?
- A. Order a meal because the patient has been nil per os (NPO) for 8 hours.
- B. Encourage fluids to flush dye from the patient's system.
- C. Monitor the patient for return to consciousness.
- D. Check for a gag reflex before allowing the patient to drink.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: After a bronchoscopy procedure, it is essential to check for the presence of a gag reflex before allowing the patient to drink. This is crucial to prevent aspiration, as the gag reflex helps protect the airway by triggering swallowing and preventing foreign material from entering the lungs. Allowing the patient to drink without assessing the gag reflex could lead to serious complications such as aspiration pneumonia. Therefore, checking for the gag reflex is an appropriate nursing action to ensure the safety and well-being of the patient after a bronchoscopy.
What is the role of a nurse during scratch test to detect allergies?
- A. Applying the liquid test antigen
- B. Determining the type of allergy
- C. Measuring the length and width of the
- D. Documenting the findings raised wheal
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: During a scratch test to detect allergies, one of the key roles of a nurse is to apply the liquid test antigen onto the patient's skin. The liquid test antigen contains small amounts of common allergens that could trigger a reaction in individuals who are allergic to them. By applying the test antigen onto the skin and creating small scratches or pricks, the nurse can observe if the patient develops a raised, red, itchy bump called a wheal at the site of the allergen exposure. This helps in identifying specific allergies and determining the appropriate treatment plan for the patient.
An adolescent asks the nurse what causes primary dysmenorrhea. The nurse's response should be based on which statement?
- A. It is an inherited problem.
- B. Excessive estrogen production causes uterine pain.
- C. There is no physiologic cause; it is a psychological reaction.
- D. There is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Primary dysmenorrhea is painful menstruation that occurs without any underlying gynecological conditions, such as endometriosis. The cause of primary dysmenorrhea is related to the release of prostaglandins during menstruation. Prostaglandins are lipid compounds that act as chemical messengers in the body, causing the uterus to contract and shed its lining during menstruation. High levels of prostaglandins can lead to increased uterine muscle contractions, resulting in pain. Therefore, the nurse should explain to the adolescent that there is a relation between prostaglandins and uterine contractility as the cause of primary dysmenorrhea.
A client who is receiving cyclosporine (Sandimmune) must practice good oral hygiene, including regular brushing and flossing of the teeth, to minimize gingival hyperplasia during long-term therapy with certain drugs. Which of the following drug falls into this category?
- A. Procainamide (Pronestyl)
- B. Phenytoin (Dilantin)
- C. Azathioprine (Imuran)
- D. Allopurinol (Zyloprim)
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Gingival hyperplasia, or overgrowth of gum tissue, is a common side effect associated with certain medications, particularly anti-seizure medications like phenytoin (Dilantin). This side effect can be minimized through good oral hygiene practices, such as regular brushing and flossing of the teeth. The client must pay extra attention to oral care while taking phenytoin in order to prevent or reduce the severity of gingival hyperplasia. It is important for healthcare providers to educate clients on the importance of oral hygiene with medications associated with this side effect.