Nokea
Which of the following precautions must a nurse take while caring for clients with HIV/AIDS to reduce occupational risks?
- A. Transport specimens of body fluids in leak proof containers.
- B. Seek prescription for a fusion inhibitor to reduce risk of infection.
- C. Avoid administering IV drugs.
- D. Avoid cleaning the client’s room,especially cleaning urine,stoolor vomit.
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Transporting specimens in leak-proof containers minimizes the risk of exposure to infectious body fluids.
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A 28-year-old male Gulf War veteran tells the nurse he gets a headache, sore throat, shortness of breath, and nausea when his girlfriend wears perfume and when he was painting her apartment. He is afraid he has cancer. What does the nurse suspect may be the patient’s problem?
- A. He has posttraumatic stress disorder.
- B. He has multiple chemical sensitivities.
- C. He needs to wear a mask when he paints.
- D. He is looking for an excuse to break up with his girlfriend.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Multiple chemical sensitivities could explain the patient's symptoms triggered by exposure to various chemicals.
When was the first vaccine for smallpox developed?
- A. 1726
- B. 1796
- C. 1882
- D. 1895
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B: 1796. This is because the first vaccine for smallpox was developed by Edward Jenner in 1796. He used cowpox virus to create immunity against smallpox. Choices A, C, and D are incorrect because they do not align with historical records of the development of the smallpox vaccine. Choice A (1726) is too early, choices C (1882) and D (1895) are much later dates and do not correspond to the actual timeline of the smallpox vaccine's discovery.
Which of the following factors makes it important for the nurse to provide special care to older clients with immune system disorders?
- A. Age-related changes
- B. Poor diet
- C. Use of multiple drugs (polypharmacy)
- D. Reduced activity levels
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Age-related changes in the immune system known as immunosenescence make older adults more susceptible to infections and less responsive to vaccines.
When the clinic nurse starts to take the "air cast" off the grade 2 sprain, the patient asks why it is being removed since he still has pain. Which explanation is best?
- A. "Long-term immobilization can interfere with adequate circulation."
- B. "Long-term immobilization may increase long-term edema."
- C. "Long-term immobilization can cause permanent disability."
- D. "This cast will be replaced with a heavier cast."
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C because long-term immobilization can indeed cause permanent disability in the case of a grade 2 sprain. Prolonged immobilization can lead to muscle atrophy, joint stiffness, and decreased range of motion, which can result in long-term disability. Choice A is incorrect because adequate circulation is more related to prolonged immobilization, not short-term removal for evaluation. Choice B is incorrect as edema is a short-term concern and not a direct result of long-term immobilization. Choice D is incorrect as there is no indication that a heavier cast will be used.
The 'major histocompatibility complex' (MHC) proteins involved in antigen presentation to T cells were first noted during studies of:
- A. Innate immunity
- B. Allergy
- C. Transplantation
- D. Autoimmunity
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Transplantation. MHC proteins play a crucial role in transplant rejection by presenting antigens to T cells, initiating an immune response against foreign tissues. This discovery was significant in understanding transplant immunology. Choices A, B, and D are incorrect because innate immunity involves nonspecific defense mechanisms, allergies are mediated by IgE antibodies, and autoimmunity involves the immune system attacking self-antigens, none of which directly relate to the discovery of MHC proteins in transplantation studies.