Nokea
Which of the following produced by the pancreatic beta cells:
- A. Insulin
- B. Gastrin
- C. Somatostatin
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to regulate blood glucose.
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Which of the following is an alfa glucosidase inhibitor:
- A. Rosiglitazone
- B. Stagliptine
- C. Exenatide
- D. Acarbose
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Acarbose inhibits alpha-glucosidase enzymes in the intestine, delaying carbohydrate digestion and absorption, thus reducing postprandial glucose levels.
Licorice root is a common treatment for dyspepsia. Drug interactions with licorice include:
- A. Antihypertensives, diuretics, and digoxin
- B. Antidiarrheals, antihistamines, and omeprazole
- C. Penicillin antibiotic class and benzodiazepines
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Licorice affects potassium levels and blood pressure, interacting with antihypertensives, diuretics, and digoxin.
Which person should be treated with prophylactic antitubercular medication?
- A. A child who attends the same school with a child who has tuberculosis
- B. A nurse who is working in a hospital
- C. An individual who is HIV-positive with a negative TB skin test
- D. A patient who has close contact with someone who has tuberculosis
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Close contact with TB warrants prophylaxis; school , hospital work , or HIV without exposure don't. Personal contact with a person having a diagnosis of tuberculosis is required to indicate prophylactic treatment with antitubercular therapy.
Which advantage(s) does the unit dose drug distribution system include? (Select one that does not apply.)
- A. Credit is given to the patient for unused medications.
- B. The pharmacist is able to analyze prescribed medications for each client for drug interactions and contraindications.
- C. There is less waste of medications.
- D. The time spent by nursing personnel preparing these medications is increased.
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Because the pharmacist has a profile of all medications for each patient, he or she is able to analyze prescribed medications for each patient for drug interactions and contraindications. This is an advantage of the unit dose drug distribution system. Less waste of medications is an advantage of the unit dose drug distribution system. Because each dose is individually packaged, credit can be given to the patient for unused medications. There is increased pharmacist involvement and better use of his or her extensive drug knowledge and nursing personnel time is decreased with this method.
Insulin is used for:
- A. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type I only
- B. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type II only
- C. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type III and IV only
- D. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type I and II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin is used for both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (when other treatments fail) diabetes.