Nokea
The nurse is caring for a patient who is chronically irritable and anxious and prone to violent behaviors. The patient has several teeth missing and has dental caries in the remaining teeth. The nurse suspects previous chronic use of which drug?
- A. Alcohol
- B. Cocaine
- C. LSD
- D. Methamphetamine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Methamphetamine causes tooth decay ('meth mouth') and agitation; cocaine less so. Patients previously exposed to methamphetamine use will exhibit these symptoms, and the physical effects of extended methamphetamine use are notable tooth decay and dermatologic deterioration.
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Which of the following drug can cause hypoglycemia:
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glipizide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pramlintide
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glipizide, a sulfonylurea, can cause hypoglycemia by excessively stimulating insulin release from pancreatic beta cells.
Patients with allergic rhinitis may benefit from a prescription of:
- A. Fluticasone (Flonase)
- B. Cetirizine (Zyrtec)
- C. OTC cromolyn nasal spray (Nasalcrom)
- D. Any of the above
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: All options "fluticasone (steroid), cetirizine (antihistamine), and cromolyn (mast cell stabilizer)"effectively treat allergic rhinitis symptoms.
Which of the following produced by the pancreatic beta cells:
- A. Insulin
- B. Gastrin
- C. Somatostatin
- D. Glucagon
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Insulin is produced by pancreatic beta cells to regulate blood glucose.
An NP would prescribe the liquid form of ibuprofen for a 6-year-old child because:
- A. Drugs given in liquid form are less irritating to the stomach.
- B. A 6-year-old child may have problems swallowing a pill.
- C. Liquid forms of medication eliminate the concern for first-pass effect.
- D. Liquid ibuprofen does not have to be dosed as often as the tablet form.
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: A 6-year-old may struggle to swallow pills, making liquid ibuprofen more practical . Liquid forms don't eliminate first-pass effect or reduce dosing frequency , and irritation isn't a primary concern here.
Patient teaching related to amlodipine includes:
- A. Increase calcium intake to prevent osteoporosis from a calcium blockade.
- B. Do not crush the tablet; it must be given in liquid form if the patient has trouble swallowing it.
- C. Avoid grapefruit juice as it affects the metabolism of this drug.
- D. Rise slowly from a supine position to reduce orthostatic hypotension.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Grapefruit juice inhibits CYP3A4, increasing amlodipine levels.