Nokea
Which of the following causes rise in systolic as well as diastolic BP for prolonged period:
- A. Ephedrine
- B. Epinephrine
- C. Dopamine
- D. Norepinephrine
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Norepinephrine increases both systolic and diastolic BP with prolonged effect.
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James tells you that he is confused by his Medicare Part D coverage plan. An appropriate intervention would be:
- A. Order cognitive testing to determine the source of his confusion.
- B. Sit down with him and explain the whole Medicare Part D process.
- C. Refer him to the Medicare specialist in his insurance plan to explain the benefit to him.
- D. Request his son come to the next appointment so you can explain the benefit to him.
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Referring to a specialist ensures accurate explanation of Medicare Part D.
Patients who are beginning therapy with vitamin B12 need to be monitored for:
- A. Hypertensive crisis that may occur in the first 36 hours
- B. Hypokalemia that occurs in the first 48 hours
- C. Leukopenia that occurs at 1 to 3 weeks of therapy
- D. Thrombocytopenia that may occur at any time in therapy
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Hypokalemia can occur early in B12 therapy as red cell production surges, shifting potassium; other effects are rare.
Licorice root is a common treatment for dyspepsia. Drug interactions with licorice include:
- A. Antihypertensives, diuretics, and digoxin
- B. Antidiarrheals, antihistamines, and omeprazole
- C. Penicillin antibiotic class and benzodiazepines
- D. None of the above
Correct Answer: A
Rationale: Licorice affects potassium levels and blood pressure, interacting with antihypertensives, diuretics, and digoxin.
A 75-year-old woman with diabetes is taking an oral antidiabetic drug. One day she goes without eating for 18 \mathrm{~h}. Her serum glucose concentration is 48 \mathrm{mg} / \mathrm{dL} (hypoglycemic) upon arrival at the emergency department, where she is deemed to be in critical condition. Which of the following drugs most likely aggravated this fasting hypoglycemia?
- A. Acarbose
- B. Glyburide
- C. Metformin
- D. Pioglitazone
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: Glyburide, a sulfonylurea, can cause severe hypoglycemia, especially during fasting, due to prolonged insulin release.
Insulin is used for:
- A. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type I only
- B. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type II only
- C. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type III and IV only
- D. Treatment of diabetes mellitus type I and II
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Insulin is used for both type 1 (insulin-dependent) and type 2 (when other treatments fail) diabetes.