Nokea
Which of the following provides greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and overall better health and greater longevity for older adults?
- A. Eating balanced meals
- B. Not smoking or drinking alcohol
- C. Daily physical activity
- D. Increased intake of calcium and iron
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Daily physical activity. Daily physical activity contributes to better flexibility, balance, endurance, and overall health, helping older adults maintain independence and reduce the risk of chronic diseases. Choices A, B, and D, although important for overall health, do not specifically address the benefits of greater flexibility, better balance, more endurance, and greater longevity associated with daily physical activity.
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Individuals who use antiretroviral drugs frequently develop insulin resistance and _____.
- A. hypertension
- B. hypothyroidism
- C. hyperlipidemia
- D. fluid retention
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: hyperlipidemia. Antiretroviral drugs can often lead to elevated lipid levels (hyperlipidemia), which is a common side effect of this therapy. This increase in lipids can contribute to cardiovascular risk. Hypertension (choice A) is not typically associated with antiretroviral drug use. Hypothyroidism (choice B) and fluid retention (choice D) are also not commonly linked to antiretroviral therapy.
A patient on a low-sodium diet should avoid which of the following foods?
- A. Fresh fruits
- B. Unsalted nuts
- C. Canned soup
- D. Plain rice
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: Canned soup is the correct answer. Canned soups are often high in sodium due to added salt and should be avoided on a low-sodium diet. Fresh fruits (Choice A) are typically low in sodium and a good choice for a low-sodium diet. Unsalted nuts (Choice B) are also low in sodium and can be included in a low-sodium diet. Plain rice (Choice D) is a low-sodium food and can be part of a low-sodium diet.
Which neuromuscular disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and holding food in the mouth for extended periods?
- A. Developmental disabilities
- B. Parkinson's disease
- C. Epilepsy
- D. Diabetes mellitus
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is B, Parkinson's disease. Parkinson's disease is characterized by abnormal chewing and swallowing patterns, tremors of the mandible, lip, and tongue, frequent drooling, and difficulties in oral functions like holding food in the mouth. Developmental disabilities (Choice A) do not specifically cause these symptoms related to neuromuscular function. Epilepsy (Choice C) is a neurological disorder characterized by recurrent seizures and does not typically present with the described symptoms. Diabetes mellitus (Choice D) is a metabolic disorder that affects blood sugar regulation and does not directly cause the neuromuscular symptoms mentioned in the question.
Which nutrient is most closely associated with the prevention of neural tube defects in a developing fetus for a woman planning to become pregnant?
- A. Calcium
- B. Folate
- C. Vitamin A
- D. Choline
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The correct answer is folate. Folate, also known as Vitamin B9, is vital for the prevention of neural tube defects in the developing fetus. It is primarily responsible for the creation and repair of DNA, which is essential during rapid growth stages such as pregnancy. While nutrients like calcium, vitamin A, and choline are important for pregnancy, they are not as directly linked to preventing neural tube defects as folate. Calcium is crucial for the baby's bone and teeth development. Vitamin A is essential for vision, immune function, and cellular growth. Choline supports brain development and neural functioning. However, none of these nutrients have the same direct impact on preventing neural tube defects as folate.
Which of the following statements is false?
- A. People with a vitamin K deficiency experience increased clotting time
- B. The major function of vitamin E is promoting vision
- C. Vitamin D functions as a hormone
- D. Rich sources of beta-carotene include carrots, sweet potatoes, and butternut squash
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement that the major function of vitamin E is promoting vision is incorrect. Vitamin E primarily acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from oxidative damage. Its role is not primarily related to vision, which is a major function of vitamin A. On the other hand, the other options are true. Vitamin K deficiency does indeed lead to increased clotting time, vitamin D functions as a hormone, and carrots, sweet potatoes, and butternut squash are rich sources of beta-carotene.