Nokea
Which of the following is NOT a physiological role of proteins?
- A. Providing resistance to disease
- B. Regulating fluid balance
- C. Repairing tissue
- D. Serving as the primary source of energy
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Proteins play a diverse range of physiological roles in the body, such as providing resistance to disease, regulating fluid balance, and repairing tissues. However, they are not the primary source of energy for the body. Carbohydrates and fats typically fulfill this role. Therefore, choice D is the correct answer, as it is not a function that proteins perform. Conversely, choices A, B, and C are all physiological functions of proteins, making them incorrect responses to this particular question.
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Can fluid retention cause lab values to be deceptively high, whereas dehydration may cause the values to be deceptively low?
- A. TRUE
- B. FALSE
- C. Not always
- D. Sometimes
Correct Answer: B
Rationale: The statement is incorrect. Fluid retention generally results in lab values appearing deceptively low, not high, because the excess fluid dilutes the concentration of substances in the blood. Conversely, dehydration can make lab values appear deceptively high as the reduced fluid volume in the body means substances in the blood are less diluted. Choices 'C: Not always' and 'D: Sometimes' are not specific and do not directly address the statement in the question, hence they are incorrect.
Each is a characteristic manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG), except one. Which is the exception?
- A. Gingival erythema
- B. Necrosis of interdental papilla
- C. Marasmus
- D. Metallic taste and foul odor
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The correct answer is C: Marasmus. Marasmus is a form of severe malnutrition and is not a direct manifestation of necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis (NUG). Choices A, B, and D are all characteristic manifestations of NUG. Gingival erythema, necrosis of interdental papilla, and metallic taste with foul odor are commonly associated with NUG due to the inflammatory and necrotic nature of the condition.
James wants to know the recommended intake for iron for his gender and age. Which of the following would provide the best answer for James?
- A. EAR
- B. UL
- C. RDA
- D. DV
Correct Answer: C
Rationale: The Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA) is the correct answer for James because it provides the daily intake level that meets the nutrient needs of most healthy individuals in a specific age and gender group. Choice A, EAR (Estimated Average Requirement), represents the average daily nutrient intake level estimated to meet the requirement of half the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group. Choice B, UL (Tolerable Upper Intake Level), is the maximum daily intake unlikely to cause adverse health effects. Choice D, DV (Daily Value), is a general guide used for food labeling that represents how much a nutrient in a serving of food contributes to a daily diet based on a 2000-calorie daily intake.
The following are all classes of nutrients except:
- A. protein
- B. fat
- C. carbs
- D. phytochemicals
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: Phytochemicals are not considered a class of nutrients. While proteins, fats, and carbohydrates are essential macronutrients providing energy and structural support, phytochemicals are non-nutrient compounds found in plants that offer various health benefits but are not essential for sustaining life like the other three choices. Therefore, the correct answer is D.
Which of the following is the least likely reason that osteoporosis is more prevalent in women?
- A. women have smaller bodies
- B. women have lower bone mass
- C. women consume less calcium
- D. bone loss begins later in women
Correct Answer: D
Rationale: The correct answer is D. Contrary to the statement, bone loss begins earlier in women, particularly after menopause, due to the decrease in estrogen levels. This drop in estrogen accelerates bone loss, contributing to the higher prevalence of osteoporosis in women. Choices A, B, and C are more likely reasons for the increased prevalence of osteoporosis in women. Women generally have smaller bodies, lower bone mass compared to men, and may consume less calcium, all of which are significant factors contributing to the higher incidence of osteoporosis in women.